chapter 10 Study Guide (2) (3) (1)

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what is happening here in muscle contraction.  Be sure to tell me what role Ca+, ATP, myosin, and actin playwhat is happening here in muscle contraction.  Be sure to tell me what role Ca+, ATP, myosin, and actin play

3.4. About human skeletal muscle contraction, what are the correct statements? PHYSIOLOGY_basic (OJO) A muscle fiber is made by the parallel apposition of sarcomers. Generation of force relies on the formation of cross-bridges between actin and myosin filaments. In the process of contraction, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is required both to drive the actin-myosin association-dissociation cycle and to recycle calcium back to the endoplasmic reticulum. Each muscle fiber is innervated by one neuron only. T tubules are plasma membrane invaginations of the sarcolemma that allow excitation-contraction coupling.

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True or False

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Fil in the blanks  1. A resting muscle fiber or neuron has an internal charge that is                       A. positive, B. negative, or C. neutral compared to the extracellular environment.  This resting membrane charge is maintained by the                              A. calcium ion channels, B. sodium voltage gates, C. potassium voltage gates, or D. sodium/potassium pumps?           . When a muscle fiber is at resting membrane potential there is a(an)                              "higher", "equal", OR "lower" concentration of sodium inside the cell compared to outside the cell and a(an) "higher", "lower", OR "equal"           concentration of potassium inside the cell compared to outside.

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Ans Column I Column II Ca binds to calmodulin 1. Elastic fibers that anchor thick filanments in place Ca binds to troponin 2. Occurs in smooth muscles only Oxidative type I muscle fibers 3. Is the primary source of Ca that drives muscle contraction Titin 4. Is a dense connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle H zone 5. Anchors thin filaments together Z line 6. Have high concentration of mitochondria Sarcomere 7. The region of thick filaments that has no overlap with thin filaments Actin and myosin 8. Is the functional unit of skeletal muscle Epimysium 9. Occurs in skeletal and cardiac muscles Sarcoplasmic reticulum 10. Generate the mechanical force of a muscle through crossbridge cycling

Table1.Contractionofsmoothmusclebythreeagonists Contractileresponse(mm) Loglagonist] (M) -10 -9 -8.5 -8 -7.5 -7 -6.5 -6 -5.5 -5 -4.5 -4 agonist-1 0.2 1.8 4 9.8 14.8 18 19.6 19.4 20 20 20 20 agonist-2 0.2 1 2.6 4 7.6 8.8 9.6 9.8 10 10 agonist-3 0.2 2 5.2 10 14.8 18 19.6 20 a) Experiments were performed on the contraction of smooth muscleusingincreasingconcentrationsofthreeagonistsandtherespo nsesare given in Table 1. The maximum response of the system was 20mm contraction. Calculate the % maximum response of the systemforeachconcentrationofagonistandplotgraphsshowingthede pendence of the response on log [agonist]. Compare the threeagonists in terms of their maximal effect and their potency usingpharmacologicalterms. EIN 5

If you were able to control fatigue in the muscle cell experimentally such that you only exposed the muscle to high levels of Pi and no other metabolites, what would you observe? A decline in force without much change in velocity A decline in velocity without much change in force A muscle operating below Lo A decline in both force and velocity An increased affinity of Ca2+ for troponin

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place in correct order 1. ACH binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane 2. AP travels along the sarcolemma and T tubules 3. Ca++ ion bind to troponin 4.  Ca++ ions diffuse into the sarcoplasm 5. voltage-gated Ca++ ion channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum open

time. 3. Specifically, a molecule of the neurotransmitter receptor. But, the magnesium (Mg+) ion is blocking the ion channel, so Ca+ ions cannot enter. However, if that postsynaptic neuron fires, the Mg+ ion will be ejected. binds to an NMDA This allows ions to flow into the postsynaptic neuron. When these ions flow into the postsynaptic neuron, they cause receptors to move to the dendritic spines on the postsynaptic neurons. With a surplus of these receptors, Na+ ions can more easily flow into the postsynaptic neuron. The influx of Na+ ions cause the postsynaptic neuron to depolarize.

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96. An investigator is studying the contraction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in an experimental animal model. Which of the following describes the most likely order of events during this process? 0000000 200602 H) Myosin Light Chain Phosphorylation 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 Binding of Calcium to Calmodulin 3 1 4 2 4 2 3 Myosin Light Chain Dephosphorylation 2 3 4 3 4 2 1 2 Calcium Entry Into the Cell 4 2 3 1 1 1 3 1

How does botox decrease muscle tone? inhibits acetylcholinesterase prevents the release of ACh opens SR calcium channels damages lower motor neurons  recruits more motor units

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Calcium binding to calmodulin causes phosphorylation of what protein in what type of muscle? I Otroponin in skeletal and cardiac muscle only troponin in smooth muscle only actin in cardiac and smooth muscle actin in smooth muscle only myosin in smooth muscle only

Question 1. Describe an action potential in a muscle fiber in detail, know the changes in voltage starting from RMP. Question 2. What is the voltage that causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium ions into the cell? Which integral membrane protein is responsible Question 3.What happens to a muscle fiber’s membrane (sarcolemma) once the motor neuron releases theneurotransmitter listed above? What is the change in voltage in the motor end plate? Question 4. Describe how is acetylcholine (neurotransmitter) is released from the synaptic knobs of motor neurons and how it activatesskeletal muscle. Please please please help with these questions, so so srry I know its a lot i am just really stuck! Thank youuuuuu.

Column I Column II Ca binds to calmodulin 1. Elastic fibers that anchor thick filaments in place Ca binds to troponin 2. Occurs in smooth muscles only Oxidative type I muscle fibers 3. Is the primary source of Ca that drives muscle contraction

MULTIPLE ANSWER QUESTIONS. Select all that apply. Which of the following occurs when the muscle is excited (contracting)? The myosin binding site on the actin thin filaments are covered Ca2+ ion are being released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm Zone of overlap of a sprcomere increases The H-zone of a sarcomere gets larger O The myosin head is NOT attached to the actin thin filament - Previous Next