Copy of HLTH 310 Exam 1

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1. XFWhat is shown in the figure below? ○ A mature (fertilized) ovum 2. Referring to the figure shown below, what is the name of the process that occurs between steps 5 and 4? ○ Meiosis I 3. Which of the following hormones is measured in a pregnancy test? ○ hCG 4. What is the proper order for the following events of Meiotic prophase I during oogenesis? i. Appearance of chiasmata ii. Desynapsis iii. Synapsis iv. Dictyate arrest v. Recombination ○ 3,5,1,2,4 5. When do the oogonia undergo mitosis? ○ During fetal development 6. A primary oocyte is arrested in a modified version of which phase of prophase 1? ○ Diplotene 7. Soon after ovulation, the mature/tertiary follicle that released the secondary oocyte ________. ○ Becomes a corpus luteum 8. Which of the following are proteins that help to tether homologous chromosomes together at sites distal to chiasmata during dicytate arrest? ○ Cohesins 9. Referring to the figure shown below, what are the cells referred to by number 3? ○ Spermatids 10. All of the following occur during the process of spermatogenesis, EXCEPT ○ Replacement of most histones by protamines 11. Which of the following statements regarding different types of follicles is FALSE? ○ Primordial follicles are formed during embryonic development and are the most common type of follicle in the adult ovary 12. Which of the following statements regarding hormone control of sperm production is FALSE? ○ Testosterone has a positive feedback effect on the hypothalamus 13. All of the following cell types would have 23 chromosomes in humans, EXCEPT ○ Spermatogonium 14. At the end of prophase I of Meiois I, if you wanted to look for locations along a chromosome where recombination has occurred, what would you look for? ○ Chiasmata 15. During the ovarian/menstrual cycle, the hormone _____ normally has a negative feedback effect on the secretion of GnRH, FSH, and LH, but switches to positive feedback just before _______. ○ Estrogen; ovulation 16. In human females, meiosis II is completed ○ After ovulation but only if fertilization occurs 17. Which of the following statements regarding Meioisis is FALSE? ○ In female gametogenesis, the products of Meiosis I are 1 secondary oocyte

and 1 polar body 18. Which of the following statements about the Agouti mice shown in the figure below is FALSE? ○ The brown mouse likely is expressing the agouti protein at high levels 19. What other mechanisms, besides differential methylation of genes (Olfr 151 gene for acetophenone receptor), might explain the epigenetic transmission of the odorant fear as described in the Hughes (2014) article? ○ All of the above 20. A 16 year old patient presents with the following phenotypical characteristics: short stature, lack of secondary sexual characteristics, webbed neck. Which is likely the sex chromosome genotype for the patient? ○ 45, XO 21. All of the following statements from the Kong et al study summarized by Kondrashov (2012) are TRUE, EXCEPT ○ The de novo mutations were present in both offspring and the parents 22. Exposure of laboratory animals in the wild to endocrine disruptors has resulted in all of the following effects on the reproductive systems, EXCEPT ○ Spermatozoa in the ovaries 23. In order for epigenetic inheritance to occur, the process of ___ must be bypassed. This process occurs in ____ and _____. ○ Epigenetic reprogramming, spermatozoa: the ovum 24. Exposure of female fetuses to the prescription medication DES (diethylstilbestrol) increases the risk of ○ A rare form of vaginal cancer 25. One of the proposed mechanisms for the maternal age effect and increased risk of aneuploidy is premature loss of _____. ○ Cohesins 26. The Hughes (2014) article, “The sins of the father” describes an important study on epigenetic inheritance by Dias and Ressler published in nature neuroscience (2014). Which of the following statements regarding the dias and ressler study is TRUE? In mice trained to fear the smell of acetophenone… ○ All of the above 27. The types of age-related errosis in the Hunt and Hassold (2008) article are errors in the process of _____ that cause ____ and increase in risk with ____ age. ○ Meiosis; de novo mutations; paternal 28. All of the following disorders demonstrate a higher incidence with paternal rather than maternal age, EXCEPT ○ Down syndrome 29. The ultrasound of an ovary shown in the figure below likely indicates which of the following? ○ A patient undergoing the stimulation phase of in vitro fertilization 30. Where do spermatozoa acquire motility? ○ In the epididymis 31. All of the following forms of birth control would be categorized as a barrier method, preventing the egg and sperm from encountering on another, EXCEPT for? ○ Intrauterine device 32. After the sperm retrieval step of IVF, which of the following processes must be performed on the sperm before the sperm-egg “date”/ insemination.

○ Capacitation 33. During the stimulation step of IVF, which hormone levels would you monitor to assess whether there are multiple follicles maturing to the tertiary stage? ○ FSH 34. All of the following statements regarding the Motorway-type cervical mucus are TRUE, EXCEPT ○ The motorway mucus has a thin, watery consistency 35. In vitro fertilization is used for all of the following causes of infertility, EXCEPT ○ Uterine fibroids 36. Fertilization typically occurs where in the female reproductive tract? ○ Ampulla of oviduct 37. Which contraception method prevents maturation of follicles and ovulation? ○ All of the above 38. High ____ concentrations around the time of ovulation cause the ____ on the surfaces of the oviduct vells to beat more strongly to sweep the ovulated ____ oocyte into the oviduct. ○ Estrogen; cilia; secondary 39. All of the following processes are associated with blocking polyspermy, EXCEPT ○ Release of the contents of the acrosome 40. What is the correct order for the perilous journey of a sperm during fertilization in the female reproductive tract? i. Cervix ii. Uterine tube iii. Corona radiata iv. Vagina v. Zona pellucida vi. Uterus vii. Oocyte plasma membrane ○ 4,1,6,2,5,3,7 41. Looking at the figure of the male reproductive anatomy below, which structure is cut during a vasectomy? ○ F 42. Which of the following conditions results in irregular or complete lack of ovulation? ○ Polycystic ovarian syndrome 43. In IVF clinics that perform pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, which stage of the conceptus is usually used to remove a cell for genetic testing? ○ 8-cell stage 44. Which of the following structures of the male reproductive tract can grown abnormally and contstrict the urethra? ○ Prostate gland 45. In order to be considered infertile, how long must a woman over the age of 35 go without achieving pregnancy despite regular sexual intercourse without contraception? ○ Six months 46. This is a bonus question based on TA’s presentation ○ Ovarian cancer Weekly Quizzes;

Week 1 quiz; Question 1 The structures that organize the microtubules of the meiotic spindle are called Centrosomes Question 2 At which stage of meiosis are homologous chromosomes separated from each other Anaphase 1 Question 3 If a muscle cell of a typical organism has 32 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in a gamete of that same organism? 16 Question 4 At the end of prophase I, which structures help to keep homologous chromosomes associated with each other? Chiasmata and cohesins Question 5 1 / 1 point During folliculogenesis, all of the following components are found in secondary follicles, EXCEPT? Secondary oocyte Question 6 1 / 1 point At the end of the ovarian cycle, if a woman is not pregnant, the corpus luteum disintegrates

Question 7 1 / 1 point In human females, meiosis I is completed Just before ovulation Question 8 1 / 1 point Which one of these following hormones would be a good choice as a component of birth control pills? - Progesterone Question 9 1 / 1 point In human males, meiosis I initiate when? At puberty Question 10 1 / 1 point Which of the following type of cells undergoes mitotic divisions? Oogonium Week 2 quiz; Question 1 1 / 1 point Profound short stature, lack of female secondary sexual characteristics, and webbed neck are all characteristics of which sex chromosome abnormality? Monosomy (45, X0) Question 2 1 / 1 point Studies in animals (rodents, frogs) have shown that all of the following are potential consequences of exposure to endocrine disruptors that mimic estrogens, EXCEPT

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