alll test KIN 303 2

Test 1 1. the job of an afferent neuron is to 1. Send impulses from the body to the brain 2. The ATP-PCR system would be the primary ATP source for which event 1. 100 m sprint run 3. Which of the following terms best describes the process that converts fatty acids into acetyl-CoA? 1. Beta-oxidation 4. What is the average resting oxygen consumption for the body? 1. 3.5mL/kg/min 5. What region of the brain oversees homeostatic control of blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and body temperature? 1. Hypothalamus 6. Why are normalized VO2max values greater in men than in women? 1. Men typically have more fat free mass 7. In a biological control system, the ___ changes the internal environment back to the homeostatic set point 1. Effector 8. Oxygen deficit is incurred when 1. Oxygen demand > oxygen consumption in early exercise 9. During rest and prolonged low intensity exercise, the body relies mostly on ___ for fuel, however, during high intensity physical activity, the body relies mostly on ___ to fuel the body. 1. Fat, carbohydrate 10. To initiate cross bridge formation between myosin and actin, Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and binds to what? 1. Troponin 11. Your patient has a respiratory exchange ratio of 0.7%. Which of the following would likely apply to your patient? 1. They are burning mostly fats 12. Oxygen consumption resulting in the producƒtion of ATP occurs: 1. In the mitochondria in a process called oxidative phosphorylation 13. Which of the following is false regarding muscle spindles 1. They obtain external fibers that run parallel to muscle fibers 14. Why does a sarcomere that is ? stretched produce less force? 1. Not as many cross-bridges can form 15. Which of the following is not true regarding delayed onset muscle soreness? 1. Results from acute lactic acid buildup 16. Why does aerobic performance continue to improve with training after vo2 has plateaued

1. Lactate threshold continues to increase (shifts to right) 17. Which ion transporter is engaged at rest to maintain resting membrane potential? 1. Na+ K+ ATPase pump 18. Which of the following is true regarding golgi tendon organs? 1. They are sensitive to excessive tension in the muscle 19. Depolarization of a neuron occurs due to which of the following? 1. Na+ into the cell 20. Which is the correct series of events in a muscle contraction? 1. Action potential reaches t tubule, ca2+ released from sarcoplasmic reticulum, cross bridge formation, ca2+ taken up 21. A protein that allows the muscle to function as if it has an internal spring is 1. Titin 22. Which of the following is false concerning type 2 muscle fibers in regards to type 1. Type 2 muscle fibers have 1. An increased ability to produce ATP from fat sources. 23. Which of the following regions of the brain allow for continuous control of skeletal muscle? 1. Primary motor cortex 24. What is the basic functional unit of a myofibril? 1. Sarcomere 25. Which of the following is not a rate limiting enzyme? 1. Sarconate dehydrogenase 26. Which energy substrate contains the most energy per gram? 1. Fat 27. How do products of the metabolic pathway typically ? control the rate of the chemical reaction? 1. Negative feedback on the rate limiting enzyme 28. Pyruvate can be converted into ___ or ____. 1. Lactic acid or acetyl-coa 29. The outermost layer of connective tissue that surrounds an individual muscle fiber is called the 1. Endomysium 30. As submaximal exercise intensity increases, vo2 1. Increases linearly 31. When the inside of the cell becomes more negative relative to the outside of the cell, this is called 1. Hyperpolarization 32. Which protein shields the myosin binding site, preventing contraction from happening at rest 1. Tropomyosin 33. Which of the following could result in an action potential 1. A ? change in the typically resting membrane potential to reach the threshold at -55mv

2. Which of the following is not a mechanism of CO2 transport in the blood? 1. Myoglobin 3. When the oxyhemoglobin curve shifts to the right during exercise what is the result? 1. Oxygen unloading becomes easier at the mitochondria 4. Which of the following cardiovascular response is responsible for early increases in VO2 max following chronic training? 1. Stroke volume 5. The maximal volume of air that can be accommodated by the lungs is the 1. Total lung capacity 6. For most individuals stroke volume plateaus at approximately _____% of VO2 max? 1. 5 7. After chronic endurance training, lower RER during submaximal exercise indicates that the body is 1. depending more on fat and less on carbohydrate for fuel 8. Which of these is the most crucial in determining the rate of pulmonary diffusion of oxygen 1. Gas partial pressure gradient 9. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism in decreased stroke volume after endurance training 1. increased resting and submaximal heart rate 10. anaerobic training can cause a change from type _____ to type _______ fibers 1. I , IIa 11. Compared to untrained individuals , trained endurance athletes have 1. Higher maximal stroke volume 12. Elevated blood flow control accumulation of metabolic by- product , in muscle (words) leads to 1. Vasodilation 13. Which of the following events occurs during the QRS Complex? 1. Ventricular Depolarization 14. During submaximal exercise in the heat, which area of the body receives the most blood flow? 1. Muscle, skin 15. Why does hyperventilation decrease the drive to breathe 1. Decreases PCO2 and increases pH 16. Using the fick equation cannot tell 17. Which of the following factors decrease with chronic aerobic exercise training 1. All of the above [ HR, submaximal HR, resting HR ]

18. After anaerobic training submaximal ventilation will be __________ and maximal ventilation will be _________ 1. Decrease , increase 19. If chemoreceptors stimulate an increase in breathing rate and depth this occurs because 1. Excess co2 needs to be blown off 20. For a blood pressure of —/—- calculate the mean arterial pressure 1. No Clue 21. The valsalva maneuver 1. All of the above [ hold breathe, pressure increase, decrease CO, pass out ] 22. Anaerobic training leads to all of the following EXCEPT 1. Large increases in the activity of the ATP-PCr system enzymes 23. Which of the following statements correctly describes the changes in the cardiac output in response to aerobic training? 1. Maximal cardiac output increases 24. When an athlete changes from 10l/min 100ml per 1. Exercise Intensity Increased 25. In response to aerobic training muscle fiber mitochondria 1. Increases words 26. According to the O2 disassociation curve if po2 is high a large change would lead to ____ in hemoglobin saturation 1. small change 27. O2 diffuses from the ___ into the ____ while CO2 diffuses from the ____ to the _____ 1. Alveoli, capillary and capillaries , alveoli 28. The mechanism that underlies preloads effect on stroke volume is the 1. Frank-Sterling Mechanism

1. number of repetitions completed at 75% 1RM 3. Which of these occurs during cardiovascular drift 1. Upward drift in heart rate 4. During exercise in the heat, the body primary means of heat loss is 1. Evaporation 5. During prolonged exercise in the heat, which of the following variables increases due to dehydration? 1. Heart rate 6. According to the principle of progressive overload, as muscles become stronger, what would be required in order to continue gaining strength 1. higher load or repetitions/sets 7. Developing the ATP-PCr system requires an intensity of 1. 90-100% 8. When an athlete is exercising in hot and humid weather 1. Core temperature will increase faster 9. Resistance programs aimed at improving strength should involve 1. concentric and eccentric training 10. Maximal anaerobic capacity would involve 1. maximal ATP production from the PCr and glycolytic energy pathways 11. In general WHOLE-MUSCLE hypertrophy in humans most likely results from 1. mostly fiber hypertrophy with potential for some fiber hyperplasia 12. Which of these is a response to a single bout of exercise in the heat? 1. Increased vasodilation of skin arterioles 13. A Tour de France winner (cyclist) may not be a great marathon runner due to the principle of 1. Specificity 14. A low responder is someone who 1. experiences little or no change after a change in their training program 15. Compared to someone who can squat 75 kg, someone else who can squat 150 kg has 1. Twice the strength 16. Which of the following would cause greater FIBER hypertropny: 1. Two of the above 1. Increased sarcoplasm 2. Increased synthesis of myosin and actin proteins 17. The loss of exercise capacity, strength, and performance after cessation of training is called a. Detraining

18. ____Is the enzyme that controls the rate of protein synthesis within a myofibril. a. mTOR 19. As windchill becomes greater a. Conductive heat loss increases 20. Which of the following is true after 3-6 months of resistance training? a. Two of the above 21. Which of the following would NOT lead to gains In muscular strength? a. Muscle fiber types switch from type IIa to type I All quizzes • In a biological control system, the ___________ detects a stimulus that is a threat to the homeostatic balance of the internal environment. Control Center Sensor or receptor Effector Set point • Which of these is the correct order of skeletal muscle hierarchical organization, from largest structure to smallest structure? muscle fascicle, entire muscle, myofibril, muscle fiber entire muscle, muscle fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril muscle fiber, myofibril, entire muscle, muscle fascicle myofibril, muscle fiber, muscle fascicle, entire muscle • What is the basic functional unit of a myofibril? endomysium

• The anaerobic glycolytic system would be the primary source of ATP for which running event? 100 m 400 m (0.3 mi) 3,200 m (2 mi) Marathon • Which phase of the cardiac cycle is the longest? atrial systole diastole ventricular systole same length systole • If your blood pressure is 110/70 mmHg, then your mean arterial pressure is 83 mmHg 90 mmHg 97 mmHg 110 mmHg 70 mmHg • When the oxyhemoglobin curve shifts during exercise, what is the result? O2 loading becomes more difficult in the lungs. O2 loading becomes easier in the lungs. O2 unloading becomes more difficult at the muscles. O2 unloading becomes easier at the muscles. CO2 unloading becomes easier at the muscles. • Which of these factors is most critical in determining the rate of pulmonary diffusion? blood pH gas partial pressure blood temperature plasma solubility of oxygen diac outputtidal • Which factor that determines resistance has the most impact on blood flow? viscosity of blood length of vessel radius of vessel

shear stress of vessel pressure of the vessel • The Fick Equation states that VO2max = maximal heart rate × maximal (a-v)O2 difference maximal stroke volume × maximal heart rate maximal cardiac output × maximal (a-v)O2 difference maximal stroke volume × maximal cardiac output cardiac output × (a-v)O2 difference • Which one of these cardiovrespiratory parameters increases in direct proportion to exercise intensity? diastolic blood pressure venous oxygen content systolic blood pressure arterial oxygen content Stroke Volume • Which of the following is a sign of enhanced submaximal endurance capacity? higher maximal heart rate l lower submaximal cardiac output increased submaximal blood pressure lower submaximal heart rate higher submaximal ventilation • aerobic training leads to decreased percentage of type II fibers in muscle increased glycolytic and ATP-PCr production of ATP increased strength inhibited type II fiber hypertrophy decreased aerobic capacity • Which of the following will decrease stroke volume? increased preload increased contractility increased Ca2+ concentrations increased afterload increased sympathetic drive • Resistance programs aimed at improving strength should involve concentric and eccentric training eccentric training

• Rer .85-1 fats high • Cardiac cycle • Oxy hemoglobin cycle dissociation and association curve/ emoglobin saturation RED MEANS Q WILL NOT BE ASKED NO QUESTIONS ON FLOW OF BLOOD THROUGH HEART THERE ARE QS ON THE CARDIAC CYCLE