Master Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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Palm Beach State College *

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145

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Biology

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Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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6

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Name: _________________________________ Date: ______________________ Block: ______ Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Do all cells have the same structure? 1. The three bacterial shapes in Model 1 are referred to as coccus, spirillum (sphere) , and bacillus (rod). Label the diagrams in Model 1 with the correct descriptions. 2. What is represented by the small dots found in each of the bacteria cells? The small dots are representing the ribosomes. 3. What is the name of the outermost layer that forms a boundary around the outside of each cell? The outermost layer that forms a boundary around the outside of each cell is called the cell wall. 4. How is the DNA described and what does this mean? DNA is described as free floating because they are not inside the nucleus. 5. All the internal structures are suspended (floating) in what substance? All the internal structures that are suspended are in the cytoplasm.
6. One of the bacteria in Model 1 has a tail-like structure. a. What is this structure called? This structure is called Bacillus. b. What might be the purpose of this structure? The bacillus is the structure that forms a barrier between the bacteria and the environment. c. Based on your answer to the previous question, what might you infer about the absence of this structure in the other two bacteria cells? I can infer that the absence of this structure in the other two bacterias are stationary. Model 2 – Animal and Plant Cells 7. Looking at Model 2, list at least three structural differences (other than shape) between an animal and a plant cell. A plant cell has chloroplast and animal cells don’t, animal cells have lysosomes and plant cells don’t and plant cells have a cell wall and animal cells don’t. 8. Where do you find the DNA in each cell in Model 2? The DNA is found in the nucleus in the cells in model 2. 9. Do both cells in Model 2 have a nucleus?
Both cells in model 2 have a nucleus. 10. List the structure(s) that form the boundary between the inside and the outside of each cell in Model 2. In a plant cell there is a cell wall and cell membrane between the inside and outside of the cell. In an animal cell there is only a cell membrane. 11. What is different about the outermost boundary in a plant cell compared to an animal cell? Animal cells don’t have a cell wall while plant cells have a cell wall and cell membrane. 12. Decide whether the cells in Model 1 or 2 are more complex and list at least three supporting reasons for your choice. The cells in model 2 are more complex because they have more organelles, they have a nucleus to store DNA and they have more information. Model 3 – Structural Comparisons 13. Use the chart in Model 3 to determine the meaning of the word prokaryote. It means before the nucleus. 14. What does the word eukaryote mean? It means true nucleus. 15. Based on the above word definitions, label the cells in Model 1 and Model 2 as prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Spirillum, Coccus and Bacillus are prokaryotic and plant and animal cells are eukaryotic cells. 16. By comparing Model 1 and Model 2, what structures are the same in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? They both have DNA, ribosome, cytoplasm and cell membrane. 17. What differences are there between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell? Prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus and are unicellular while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and are multicellular.
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