BLOCK 3 Physio- Practice Exam Adjusted

.docx

School

University of South Florida *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

6440

Subject

Biology

Date

Dec 6, 2023

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by karasalo12

Block 3 Practice Exam 1. What can be expected to occur after the administration of hypertonic NaCl into the plasma compartment? a. Extracellular volume increases, intracellular volume increases, osmolality increases b. Extracellular volume increases, intracellular volume decreases, osmolality decreases c. Extracellular volume increases, intracellular volume decreases, osmolality increases d. Extracellular volume decreases, intracellular volume increases, osmolality decreases 2. Liddle Syndrome leads to an unregulated sodium pump channel in the membrane of cells leading to a higher sodium reabsorption in the kidney of this individual. Which of the following would likely be true about this individual? i. They will have an increased ECF compared to normal ii. They will have increased ICF compared to normal iii. They will have decreased ICF compared to normal iv. They will have increased ECF compared to normal a. I, III b. II, III c. I only d. III only e. II only f. IV only 3. A person is running a marathon and has become dehydrated due to sweating. Assuming sweat is isotonic, which of the following would show the correct volume change in each of his compartments? a. b. c.

d. 4. According to a Darrow-Yanet diagram, normal fluid compartment values are as follows: a. 14L ICF, 28L ECF, 300mOsmoles/L b. 12L ICF, 30L ECF, 285mOsmoles/L c. 28L ICF, 14L ECF, 300mOsmoles/L d. 30L ICF, 12L ECF, 285mOsmoles/L 5. Researchers inject radio-labelled albumin into a rat and then dissect its kidney to determine distribution of blood flow throughout the kidney. If the rat was otherwise healthy, where would scientists find the largest amount of this radio-labelled albumin protein? a. The inner medulla b. The cortex c. The outer medulla d. The proximal tubule 6. Scientists want to breed a mutant rat that demonstrates a high GFR for research purposes. Which of the following changes would allow them to accomplish that? a. Genetically modifying the rats to express an increased diameter of their efferent arteriole b. Decreasing the expression of P-cadherin on the podocytes that keeps them connected to the basement membrane c. Activating genes to increase albumin production in the liver d. Genetically altering heart formation to decrease the size of the left ventricle 7. A patient presents with hypertension and the doctor decides to check his kidney function by determining his urine creatinine over 24 hours. If urine flow rate and plasma creatinine concentrations are within normal limits, but the patient is excreting an elevated amount of creatinine, what can be inferred about this information? a. The patient’s GFR is lower than usual and indicates kidney failure b. The patient’s GFR is higher than usual and indicates decreased kidney filtration compared to normal c. The patient’s GFR is lower than usual and indicates increased kidney function d. The patient’s GFR is higher than usual and increased kidney filtration compared to normal 8. The following values below were measured from a human subject to determine his kidney function. Find the renal plasma flow: Inulin clearance 135 ml/min Hematocrit 40% of RBF volume Renal blood flow 1200 ml/min

Clearance of PAH 648 ml/min a. 800 ml/min b. 135 ml/min c. 720 mL/min d. 480 ml/min 9. Using the data in the table above, determine the filtration fraction for this patient a. 20 % b. 18.75 % c. 11.25% d. 16.87% 10. ADH would lead to all of the following effects except: a. Increased osmolarity of the urine in the interstitial medullary b. Increased reabsorption of sodium and chloride c. Increased activity of the counter-current multiplier system d. Increased concentration of urea in the urine 11. A mutation leads to the loss of expression of genes that form principal cells. What would occur to a person with this mutation if they are injected with ADH? a. Increased expression of Na/Cl/K transporters in the thick ascending limb b. Hypertonic urine c. The lack of principal cells would lead to decreased bicarbonate reabsorption d. Increased movement of water into the interstitial space 12. A mutation causes increased expression of tight junctions between the cells in the late proximal tubule causing decreased solute permeability in the paracellular pathway. Given this issue, what would occur to the interstitial space adjacent the late proximal tubule? a. Na+ and Cl- movement into the interstitium will increase by 1/3 compared to normal b. Na+ and Cl- movement into the interstitium will decrease by 2/3 compared to normal c. Na+ and Cl- movement into the interstititum will increase by 2/3 compared to normal d. Na+ and Cl- movement into the interstitium will decrease by 1/3 compared to normal 13. Gatorade is an isotonic solution of mostly NaCl. An athlete who drinks this solution after hours of rigorous exercise and sweating would have what effect on his compartment volumes? a. The ICF volume would increase without change to the ECF volume b. The ICF volume would increase and the ECF volume would decrease c. The ECF volume would increase and the ICF volume would decrease d. The ECF volume would increase without change to the ICF volume e. ICF and ECF compartment volumes would increase by 2/3 and 1/3 respectively 14. A 28-year-old man with a history of alcoholism presents with jaundice and ascites. His condition worries the physicians as they fear he has suffered severe liver failure. After

physical exam, his blood pressure is taken and found to be lower than usual. Which of the following are likely contributing to his low blood pressure secondary to hypovolemia? I. Liver damage yields decreased production of angiotensinogen II. Liver damage yields decreased production of ADH causing hypovolemia III. Liver damage caused decreased production of albumin and lower osmotic pressure IV. The build-up of bilirubin due to liver damage directly decreases plasma sodium concentrations a. I only b. I and III c. II and IV d. I, II, and IV 15. A 65 y/o male is diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes due to an increase in glucose excretion. To reduce glucose excretion, which one of the following would be the best compensation method? a. A b. B c. C d. D 16. A particular drug is synthesized to specifically re-route blood flow in the kidney. This drug increases blood flow to the medulla, while decreasing blood flow to the cortex. Which of the following patients would most likely benefit from taking this drug? a. A patient experiencing hypertension due to Liddle syndrome b. A patient with a posterior pituitary tumor c. The drug would not alter the electrolyte balance in a patient d. A patient experiencing hypotension due to hemorrhage 17. A 30-year-old man presents to his physician with concerns of dizziness, chest pain, and hypertension. His lab results showed high serum concentrations of sodium and a blood pH of 7.6. All of the following could also be true regarding his condition except: a. The man has increased secretion of protons in his urine b. The man has increased expression of EnaC channels in the membrane of his thick ascending tubule

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Related Questions

Need help with questions 1 and 2 1.) A condition know as aldosteronism can be caused by a tumour or an increase in the activity of normal cells in the adrenal gland. As a result, an excessive amount of aldosterone is produced. Which of the following symptoms would most likely result from this disorder? A. Increased heart rate B. High blood pressure C. Increased thirst D. Excessive urination 2.) Which of the following statements about melatonin is correct? A. It is produced by the hypothalamus when the pineal gland detects light B. It is produced by the hypothalamus when the pineal gland detects darkness C. It is secreted by the pineal gland when the retina detects darkness D. It is secreted by the pineal gland when the retina detects light

QUESTIONS: Explain what happens to urine flow rate, specific gravity and urinary excretion of chloride in each group. Explain the physiological mechanisms involved (Ex: ADH stimulated or inhibited because ...) in the results from each group: 2. Salt and Water Group (Potato chips and water) – (Isotonic) urine flow rate (v) Specific Gravity Chloride content (ucL) Urinary Excretion of Chloride (UECL) ADH

Assignment: Due 5:30 PM august 31 explain the meaning and physiology of sodium potassium pump at Renin angiotensin aldosterone system 1. Sodium Potassium Pump 2. RAAS – 3. 3. Regulation Of Body Fluid a. A. Kidney b. Endocrine c. 3.Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) d. GI regulation e. Heart Blood Vessel f. Lungs 4. Anti diuretic Hormone disorder a. SIADH b. Diabetes Insipidus

Q11. Alcoholic beverages inhibit vasopressin secretion. Given this fact, predict the effect of alcohol on the rate of urine formation. Predict the actions of alcohol on ECF osmolarity. Explain why a person still feels thirsty after excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages

Case Study: Part A Sodium is an incredibly important substance in our body. You may remember from Module 1 that sodium ions play a crucial role in conducting nerve impulses during depolarization. You may also remember from Biology 20 that sodium is involved in muscle contractions. Hyponatremia is a condition where there is too little sodium in the body. This can result in difficulty processing thoughts, nausea, decreased ability to balance, seizures and coma. On the other hand, an excessive amount of sodium or hypernatremia, in the body can also lead to many different neurological problems including seizures and coma. Katrina has an excessive amount of sodium ions in her blood plasma. This is occurring despite the fact that she had been watching her salt intake and ensuring that she's drinking enough fluid throughout the day. From what you have learned in this module, which hormone imbalance is causing this problem for Katrina? Explain your reasoning. HORMONE REASON

Question. A 52-year-old turbel man was brought into emergency department by his wife with main complaints of increasing fatigue and weakness. According to his wife his weakness has progressively worsened over the past month. He was so weak that he almost passed out when walking from the entrance of the ed to the registration desk. His wife reported that he has an increased fluid intake and an increase in urinary output. When asked patient reported that there was no pain on urination of history it urinary tract infection. Patient denied chest pain, vision problems, nausea, diarrhoea and syncope. His wife was concerned that the patient was wobbly when he walked. Past medical history Nephrolithiasis Hypertension Benign prostate hypertrophy Medical history Lisinopril Potassium chloride allopurinol diazepam Social history denies alcohol and tobacco use. Vital signs. Blood pressure 107/56 mmhg. Heart rate 115 respiration rate 22 bpm. Temperature 36.9 celcius Physical examination…

Work 2. Water balance Comes with food and drink 1/ day Respiration /day Sweat I/day Metabolic water I/day Extracellular fluid Intracellular fluid Absorption /day about liters about liters Reabsorption I/day Filtration /day Excreted with feces Kidneys /day Excreted with urine /day Img. 23. Receipt, redistribution and excretion of water Indicate the approximate volumes of fluids with a body weight of 70 kg Intestine

Pls help ASAP. Pls i request to do both questions

provide handwritten solution

Discuss 4 homeostatic imbalances of fluid and electrolytes and what is occurring physiologically in a person with the condition.

Discuss 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of the slow permeability rate.

Please help me answer question 3

12, An increase in Na+ intake though diet will result in Multiple Choice a decrease in ADH secretion, a decrease in water reabsorption and increase in urine volume an increase in ADH secretion, a decrease in water reabsorption and decrease in blood volume an increase in ADH secretion, an increase in water reabsorption and increase in blood volume a decrease in ADH secretion, an increase in water reabsorption and increase in urine volume

Activitie 3

Pls help ASAP. Pls help on both questions I humbly request.

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES 1. A patient with iron deficiency anemia experiences shortness of breath, weakness and has a pale skin. Explain why anemic people experience and share the same symptoms. 2. A pacemaker is a small device that is placed in the chest or abdomen to help control abnormal heart rhythms. This device uses electrical pulses to prompt the heart to beat at a normal rate. Who are the patients greatly in need of this procedure of having pacemaker built in their chest? And why?

Direction: Answer thoroughly and explain.

Distribution of Body Fluids1. Fluid compartmentsa. The intracellular fluid compartment includes the fluids and electrolytes cell membranes enclose.b. The extracellular fluid compartment includes all the fluids and electrolytes outside cell membranes.2. Body fluid compositiona. Extracellular fluids have high concentrations of sodium, chloride, calcium, and bicarbonate ions, with less potassium, magnesium, phosphate, andsulfate ions. Plasma contains more protein than does either interstitial fluid or lymph.b. Intracellular fluid contains high concentrations of potassium, magnesium, and phosphate ions. It also has a greater concentration of sulfate ions and lesser concentrations of sodium, chloride, calcium, and bicarbonate ions than does extracellular fluid.3. Movement of fluid between compartmentsa. Hydrostatic and osmotic pressure regulate fluid movements.(1) Hydrostatic pressure forces fluid out of plasma, and colloid osmotic pressure returns fluid to plasma.(2) Hydrostatic pressure…

Assignments Fluid and Electrolytes: Balance and Disturbance 1. Prepare a chart that differentiates between osmosis, diffusion, filtration, and active transport. 2. Prepare a short report on the effects of aging on fluid and electrolyte regulation. 3. Discuss a disease process associated with metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis. Include clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management. 4.Discuss a disease process associated with respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis. Include clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management.

O words 41. Summarize the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH = vasopressin) in the reabsorption of water. Use the table below to help summarize. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) = Vasopressin Stimuli for release of ADH Organ that makes ADH Organ that stores and releases ADH Target organs Actions on DCT and collecting ducts Actions on blood vessels IX English (United States) MacBook Air Focus

Hi, hope your doing well! I just need help with this questions! Thank you

Could you please assist?

Help for question 5

Part G - Using the Clearance Equation Use the equation for renal clearance and the information below to calculate the clearance of creatinine. Substance Concentration in the urine Consentration in the plasma Urinary output Creatinine 15 mg/ml 0.5 L/min 10 mg/ml O 3 L/min 33 L/min 75 L/min 0.3 L/min 0.75 L/min Submit Request Answer

Pls help ASAP on all

Case Study 2 (10 points, each question is worth 2 points) A hospitalized patient is complaining of needing to urinate constantly. Other complaints were back pain, burning sensation, and pressure on the bladder. The physician ordered a urinalysis, and the following results were obtained. Blood: Trace Urobilinogen: 1.0 EU Color: Yellow Clarity: Cloudy Specific gravity: 1.015 pH: 7.0 Microscopic 80-100 WBCS/hpf 5–10 RBCS/hpf Protein: 1+ Glucose: Negative Ketones: Negative Bilirubin: Negative Nitrite: Positive Leukocyte esterase: 2+ 1-15 RTE cells/hpf Many bacteria 1. Based on the results provided, what is the possible diagnosis? Your answer here: 2. Based on the results provided, which of these results would concern a physician?

help

SEE MORE QUESTIONS

Recommended textbooks for you

Anatomy & Physiology

Biology

ISBN:9781938168130

Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble

Publisher:OpenStax College

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS