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Carrying Capacity
Musky (Fish) in Box Lake
How big can a population
get?
In this activity you will study the effects of
limiting factors
(loss of habitat, predators,
etc.) on the size of a Musky population in Box Lake. You will keep track of this
population using pictures and graphs.
Rules to Box Lake:
1.
Musky
eat smaller fish like perch. There is enough perch in
each square
of Box
Lake to keep
one
Musky alive.
2.
For every
two Musky
, add
one
new Musky in the next empty square each generation.
For example, if there are 6 Musky in Generation 4, you will add 3 Musky in 3 squares
for generation 5 (total of 9 Musky).
3.
If you do not have enough space to add all of the new Musky, only fill the squares you
have left then
stop
.
4.
If all of the squares are filled with Musky at the
start
of the generation or season, the
perch population (food) will start to
decline
and the Musky will run out of food.
Because of the loss of food,
2 Musky
will die and need to be removed from Box Lake.
So, if the lake was
full
at 10 Musky,
two will die
, leaving you with 8 Musky. Next
generation you will have 10 again because you have space. (This pattern makes the
wave in your graph)
5.
All of your graphs should be similar to the graph below.
Scenario 1: Normal Conditions
Generation 1 in this situation has 4 Musky in it. Follow the rules to Box Lake above. For each
generation, draw additional Musky on the Box Lake Map. For example, since there are 4
Musky, 2 new Musky would be added. The total number of Musky will now equal 6. On the
Musky Population Graph, record 6 Musky for Generation 2. Continue for 10 generations.
1.
Does the Musky population continue to increase overtime? Why?
-
No, at first it increases but then it levels out, and the number of musky does not
increase more than 20, due to the carrying capacity of the maximum number of
musky and season that the habitat can support is 19.
2.
The maximum number of organisms that an environment can support without ruining
the environment is called the "Carrying Capacity."
a.
The carrying capacity for Musky in Box Lake is about 19 Musky.
Draw a line
across your graph at 19 Musky and label it "Carrying Capacity."
b.
How do you know what the carrying capacity is? Explain your answer using
your graph.
-
Because on the graph the population points begin to level out and
appear to become almost horizontal, becoming the maximum and
average size of a population, on the graph the population points level
out around 18 and 20.
3.
Populations tend to fluctuate (go up and down) naturally around the carrying capacity.
Why do you think populations fluctuate?
Populations tend to fluctuate naturally around
carrying capacity.
-
Because of increase of birth rates, and decrease because of death rates, Also
because of immigration and immigration. (For births, deaths and migrations).
Scenario 2: Invasive Species
Rainbow smelt, an
invasive
(non-
native) fish species, has been introduced into Box Lake.
‐
Rainbow smelt and perch
compete
to eat enough zooplankton (food) to survive. This
competition over resources leads to a decrease in zooplankton and perch populations. Follow
the rules to Box Lake to complete the Map and the Graph only this time there can only be
one
Musky for every 2 squares
due to the decrease in perch. Complete 10 generations.
4.
What is the new carrying capacity for Musky after Rainbow smelt have been
introduced? Draw a line on your graph to show the carrying capacity.
-
The carrying capacity for musky is 9, because the carrying capacity is
where graph levels out (If you zoom into the graph you can see the line
better)
Your preview ends here
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