SMG SR 3.4 Musky & Box Lake_ Carrying Capacity (1)

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Name: _ Sandra Maria Gonzalez Pd: 1 Date: 11/27/23 Carrying Capacity Musky (Fish) in Box Lake How big can a population get? In this activity you will study the effects of limiting factors (loss of habitat, predators, etc.) on the size of a Musky population in Box Lake. You will keep track of this population using pictures and graphs. Rules to Box Lake: 1. Musky eat smaller fish like perch. There is enough perch in each square of Box Lake to keep one Musky alive. 2. For every two Musky , add one new Musky in the next empty square each generation. For example, if there are 6 Musky in Generation 4, you will add 3 Musky in 3 squares for generation 5 (total of 9 Musky). 3. If you do not have enough space to add all of the new Musky, only fill the squares you have left then stop . 4. If all of the squares are filled with Musky at the start of the generation or season, the perch population (food) will start to decline and the Musky will run out of food. Because of the loss of food, 2 Musky will die and need to be removed from Box Lake. So, if the lake was full at 10 Musky, two will die , leaving you with 8 Musky. Next generation you will have 10 again because you have space. (This pattern makes the wave in your graph) 5. All of your graphs should be similar to the graph below. Scenario 1: Normal Conditions

Generation 1 in this situation has 4 Musky in it. Follow the rules to Box Lake above. For each generation, draw additional Musky on the Box Lake Map. For example, since there are 4 Musky, 2 new Musky would be added. The total number of Musky will now equal 6. On the Musky Population Graph, record 6 Musky for Generation 2. Continue for 10 generations. 1. Does the Musky population continue to increase overtime? Why? - No, at first it increases but then it levels out, and the number of musky does not increase more than 20, due to the carrying capacity of the maximum number of musky and season that the habitat can support is 19. 2. The maximum number of organisms that an environment can support without ruining the environment is called the "Carrying Capacity." a. The carrying capacity for Musky in Box Lake is about 19 Musky. Draw a line across your graph at 19 Musky and label it "Carrying Capacity." b. How do you know what the carrying capacity is? Explain your answer using your graph. - Because on the graph the population points begin to level out and appear to become almost horizontal, becoming the maximum and average size of a population, on the graph the population points level out around 18 and 20. 3. Populations tend to fluctuate (go up and down) naturally around the carrying capacity.

Why do you think populations fluctuate? Populations tend to fluctuate naturally around carrying capacity. - Because of increase of birth rates, and decrease because of death rates, Also because of immigration and immigration. (For births, deaths and migrations). Scenario 2: Invasive Species Rainbow smelt, an invasive (non- native) fish species, has been introduced into Box Lake. ‐ Rainbow smelt and perch compete to eat enough zooplankton (food) to survive. This competition over resources leads to a decrease in zooplankton and perch populations. Follow the rules to Box Lake to complete the Map and the Graph only this time there can only be one Musky for every 2 squares due to the decrease in perch. Complete 10 generations. 4. What is the new carrying capacity for Musky after Rainbow smelt have been introduced? Draw a line on your graph to show the carrying capacity. - The carrying capacity for musky is 9, because the carrying capacity is where graph levels out (If you zoom into the graph you can see the line better)

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5. Why did the carrying capacity of Musky lower in this scenario than in scenario 1? The carrying capacity of the musky lowered because there were not enough resources to feed the musky in the lake, which decreased the musky population. 6. Brainstorm two changes to the Box Lake environment that would lower the carrying capacity of Musky. - More predators that prey on musky - The decreasing size of the lake, - The decrease in the perch that the musky eats. Scenario 3: Fishing Regulation Change The minimum length needed to keep a perch caught when fishing has increased to 13" at Box Lake. This means more perch survive from generation to generation, providing more food for Musky. Follow the Rules to Box Lake to complete the Map and Graph only this time two Musky can fit in one square due to the increase in perch population. 7. What is the new carrying capacity for Musky after regulations on fishing of perch have been changed? Draw a line on your graph to show the carrying capacity.

-The new carrying capacity of the musky is 39. 8. Why was the carrying capacity of Musky higher in this scenario than in scenario 1? - Because of this scenario there is more perch for the musky to feed on, which increases the musky population. 9. Brainstorm two changes to the Box Lake environment that would increase the carrying capacity of Musky. -Decrease of predators that eat musky -Increase in the food that the musky eats. -Bigger lake size 10. Summarize the idea of "Carrying Capacity" in your own words. Be sure to include limiting factors that affect it - It is the maximum size of a population that can be maintained in an environment, its limiting factors can be the temperature of the area, parasites, predator diseases that can cause a population to decrease and how many resources are available. Extension 11. Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) is a deadly fish virus that infects many fish species including Musky and perch. While most of the infected fish die, some survive and produce antibodies to help protect them from future contact with the virus. Sketch a Musky Population graph for this scenario. Make sure it is obvious if the carrying capacity is lower, higher, or the same as the normal carrying capacity at Box Lake. Explain your reasoning behind your graph . 12. A student states "There are 20 wolves living in this forest so therefore the carrying capacity of wolves in this forest is 20. No more than 20 wolves could live here." Why is this statement incorrect and how could someone determine the carrying capacity of the wolf population in this forest? Use evidence from this activity to support your answer. 13. The whooping crane is one of the tallest birds in North America. It is a migratory bird that lives in wetlands and eats plants, insects, small amphibians and rodents. Their population is endangered. Brainstorm two management techniques that we (humans) could do to help increase the population of whooping crane in North America.

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