Lactose Intolerance Worksheet

. Discuss how Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) can be used to identify genetic risk loci for (a) diseases with complex inheritance and (b) pharmacogenomic genotype-phenotype associations. Draw on specific examples and experimental evidence in your discussion.

Please answer asap

Karyotype Lab State Standards: The role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms (LS1-4) Ask questions to clarify relationships about the role of DNA and chromosomes in coding the instructions for characteristic traits passed from parents to offspring. (LS3-1) Objective: 1. Identify the types of chromosomes in a human karyotype. 2. Interpret data in a human karyotype and diagnose an individual, based on the data and research of chromosomal disorders. Introduction: This exercise is a simulation of human karyotyping using images of chromosomes created by your teacher from actual human genetic studies. Cell biologists analyze chromosomes by looking at karyotypes. A karyotype is a picture of chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs. A karyotype shows all 44 autosomes, (#'s 1-22 in the karyotype) and the 2 sex chromosomes, (XX or XY). All 46 human chromosomes. You will be examining two different karyotypes, and interpreting your…

a. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using subjective and objective indices of maturity determination?  c. Insects, weeds, and pathogens have evolved resistance to chemicals and insects to transgenic Bt crop traits. Describe two specific pest control strategies other than chemical control and the transgenic Bt crops that a farmer who grows grain crops such as corn and rice could employ to control insects, weeds and diseases. Explain how and why IPM, IWM or "many little hammers" can reduce the risk of the pests evolving resistance.

Punnett Square Practice Directions: Use the scenarios given below to complete the Punnett squares and determine the potential offspring for each set of parents. Use the lines on the right hand side to ist the genotype and phenotype for each possible child. Name: 1. A brown-eyed homozygous dominant female (BB) has a baby with a brown-eyed heterozygous male (Bb). B = brown, b = blue Genotype Phenotype Possibility 1: Possibility 2: Possibility 3: Possibility 4: 2. Freckles (F) are dominant to no freckles (f). A heterozygous mother ( father have a baby. F= freckles, f= no freckles Jand heterozygous Genotype Phenotype Possibility 1: Possibility 2: Possibility 3: Possibility 4: 3. The ability to roll your tongue (R) is a dominant trait. A woman who cannot roll her tongue I has a baby with a man who is homozygous dominant for this trait . R= can roll tongue, rcannot roll tongue Genotype Phenotype Possibility 1: Possiblity 2: Possibility 3: Possibility 4: Stience with Mrs. Sarchez

Name: Per: Date: Dihybrid Cross Practice Problems 1. Set up a Punnett square using the following information: Dominate allele for tall plants =D Recessive allele for dwarf plants = d Dominate allele for purple flowers = W Recessive allele for white flowers = w Cross a homozygous dominant parent with a homozygous recessive parent. Using the Punnett square above: a. What is the probability of producing tall plants with purple flowers? Possible genotype(s)? b. What is the probability of producing dwarf plants with white flowers? Possible genotype(s)? c.What is the probability of producing tall plants with white flowers? Possible genotype(s)? d. What is the probability of producing dwarf plants with purple flowers? Possible genotype(s)?

NAME: Patterns of Inheritance Worksheet 1. True Breeding Parental Cross A homozygous dominant purple flowered plant is crossed with a homozygous recessive white flowered plant. a. What are the genotypes of the parent plants? (Use the Punnett square to determine the outcomes of this cross. Remember to place the gametes along the left side and top of the square. (P=Purple, p=white) b. What is the genotype of all F₁ plants? 1 b. c. What is the phenotype of all F₁ plants? C. d. How many plants out of 4 will produce white flowers? d. a. 2. Monohybrid Cross: The F₁ offspring from the above problem are allowed to self fertilize. a. What are the genotypes of the F₁ parents? a. (Use the Punnett square to determine the outcomes of this cross. Remember to place the gametes along the left side and top of the square.) b. What is the genotype ratio for this cross? c. What is the phenotype ratio for this cross? d. How many plants out of 4 will produces white flowers? d. b. C.

Unit 7: Genetics Objectives A. Distinguish between the dominant and recessive traits. B. State two laws of heredity that were developed from Mendel's work. Be sure you can explain them. C. Explain the difference between a gene and an allele. D. Describe how Mendel's results can be explained by scientific knowledge of genes. E. Use a Punnett square to predict the results of monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. F. Differentiate between a monohybrid and dihybrid cross. G. Be able to complete and interpret - monohybrid crosses - dihybrid crosses - crosses with co-dominant alleles H. Explain the role of sex chromosomes is sex determination. 1. Explain the effect of crossing over on the inheritance of genes in linkage groups e lo read, make, an analyze a pedigree 3 List And des cribɛ ine poducts of meiosis K CompArEthe produts of mitosis And tho se ofmeiosi's Practice Questions 1. When Mendel crossed a strain of tall pea plants with a strain of short pea plants, he observed that all of the…

Q6. Many different mutations (>1500 to date) in the CFTR gene can cause Cystic Fibrosis (CF). The disease shows allelic heterogeneity and many CF sufferers are compound heterozygotes i.e. they have two different mutations, one in each of their copies of the CFTR gene. ~1 in 25 people in Australia are carriers for CF (an autosomal recessive disease). DNA tests are used to detect CF mutations in carriers but it is too expensive to test, or screen for all mutations so only the most common mutations are tested for. A typical CF carrier screen is 90% accurate, i.e. 10% of mutations are missed by the screen. a. Use Bayesian Analysis to calculate the probability that a woman who: a) has no family history of CF; and b) tests negative (negative means no mutation is found) on a mutation screen, is a carrier. Provide answers to 3 decimal places. Scenario A woman is a Scenario B woman is not a carrier carrier Prior Probability Cond. Probability Joint probability Posterior probability b. If this…

What is dosage compensation? Give its importance.  explain please

Write down the pros and cons of phenocopying and explain: “No two people are exactly alike. Even monozygotic twins differ from each other”

Name: Date: 11 9J1 Block 1 Benchmark Quarter 3 Study guide Trait: Neurofibromatosis Forms of the trait: A The dominant form is neurofibmmatosis, caused by the production of an abnormal form of the protein neurofibromin. Affected individuals show spots of abnormal skin pigmentation and non-cancerous tumors that can interfere with the nervous system and cause blindness Some tumors can convert to a cancerous form A The recessive form is a pormal protein-in other words, no neurofibromatosis A typical pedigree for a famity that caries neurofibromatosis is shown below Note that carriers are not indicated with half-colored shapes in this chart. Use the letter "N" to indicate the dominant neurofibromatosis allele, and the letter "n" for the normal allele. Nn nn 3 nn 1. Is this autosomal or sex-linked? Why? 2. Is individual #1 most likely homozygous dominant or heterozygous? Explain how you can tell 3. What is the genotype of individual # 3? 4. Can you be sure of the genotype of the affected…

Punnet square problems A=Codominant; B=Codominant; O=Recessive Mary is homozygous for type A blood. Steve is homozygous for type O blood. If they have children, what are the possible phenotypes and genotypes of their children, and what is the probability of each? Mary and Steve have a son, Brad. Brad’s wife, Samantha is heterozygous for type B blood. If they have children, what are the possible phenotypes and genotypes of their children, and what is the probability of each? Stella loves roses and decides to cross her red rose with her white rose. All of the resulting offspring of this cross are pink roses.  What can you say about the red and white alleles as a result of this cross? Stella decides to cross two of the pink roses. What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring and the probabilities of each?   DNA replication, Transcription and Translation problems   It is S phase of the cell cycle, and time to replicate the cell’s DNA. Using the following strand of DNA…

Activity 5: Objective: Materials: When Gender Matters Solve problems related to sex-linked traits. activity sheets Procedure: 1. Read the given problem A Color-blindness is a recessive, sex-linked disorder in humans. A color- blind man has a child with a woman who is a carrier of the disorder. KEY X normal vision X color blindness 2. Illustrate using a Punnett square the probability of having children who will have normal vision and children who will be color-blind. Guide Questions: Q 18. What is the genotype of the male? Q 19. What is the genotype of the female? Q 20. What is the chance that the child will be color-blind? Q 21. What is the chance that a daughter will be color-blind? Q 22. What is the chance that a son will be color-blind? Key Concepts • Sex-linked traits are inherited through the X chromosomes. Males have only one X chromosome. Thus, if they inherit the affected X, they will have the disorder Females have two X chromosomes. Therefore, they can inherit/carry the trait…

This exercise primarily addresses o MLO 1: Correctly assign and interpret allele symbols according to the conventions of the fruit fly research community. o MLO 2: Correctly assign genotypes and phenotypes to parents and offspring in genetic crosses given a mode of inheritance. Autosomal Recessive Inheritance We learned in the Linkage Mapping lab module the conventions for representing alleles in fruit flies. Recall that we use one to three letters, and the case (upper or lower) is determined by whether the mutant allele is recessive or dominant. Additionally, we add a "+" as a superscript to indicate the wild-type ("normal") allele. For example, if a new mutant phenotype is recessive, we can represent the recessive allele as m. Then the wild-type allele is mt, and m+ > m. Based on the rule of dominance, we can predict phenotypes based on genotypes: mm Wild type Wild type Mutant m+m mm

Elaborately define the major considerations in dosage form design with example? Please briefly answer at your own easy words.

I do not understand please help

Define the noninvasive prenatal genetic diagnosis (NIPGD) technique ?

Twin study/     benefit of twin study/*****   Delimmas of twin study/** **

Background Reminders:   Dominant allele will express itself in the phenotype even when in combination with a different allele (recessive). Example: PP and Pp (purple flowers) Recessive allele does not express itself in the phenotype when combined with another allele (dominant) Example: pp (white flower) -> expressed only when recessive is by itself   Problem 1-  Autosomal Dominant: Widow’s peak (hairline) Having widow’s peak is a dominant trait (use W and w to represent alleles)   A man who has a widow’s peak has a child with a woman that does not have widow’s peak. Their child does not have widow’s peak.   What is the genotype of the father? _______________   B.)          A man with widow’s peak (WW) has a child with a woman who does not have a widow’s peak.   What is the probability their child will have a widow’s peak? ____________   Fill out this Punnett square: C.)            If both parents are heterozygous for widow’s peak (Ww)…   What is the probability…

Activity 1B: Identical or Non-identical? Direction: Complete the table below by classifying the genotypes in Column 1 as homozygous dominant, heterozygous, or homozygous recessive basing on the allele combination given. Write your answers in column 2. An example is given for your guidance. GENOTYPE 1. HH 2. Rr CLASSIFICATION Homozygous dominant 3. aa 4. Dd 5. TT

Please assess the lowercase-Roman-numeral-labelled statements that appear immediately below and click the uppercase-letter-labelled response that is presented below and conveys the most accurate information. i. Phenotypes for quantitative traits are determined by multiple alleles at multiple loci. ii. Phenotypes for quantitative traits can be influenced during development by environmental factors. iii. Height exemplifies a quantitative trait in humans.iv. What appears to be a classic Mendelian trait could in fact be a quantitative trait but with one locus contributing a very, very, very large effect and many other loci contributing very, very, very small effects. v. Quantitative trait loci must occur on the same chromosome.   Question 3 options:   A)  Statements i and ii convey inaccurate information.   B)  Statement v conveys inaccurate information.   C)  Statements i, ii, and iii convey inaccurate…

Briefly define the major considerations in dosage form design with example? Please answer at your own easy words.

B. Use the simple flow chart on the next page to outline the basic procedure of geneticengineeringin 6steps. Make sure that your answers are in the form of short sentencesor clauses with oomplete thought.Remember tokeep your work neat and orderly.

Independent Practice: For each genotype below, indicate whether it is dominant, recessive, heterozygous, homozygous recessive, or homozygous dominant. E Ee Mm nn Homozygous recessive HH Pp K DD Nm a

Answer in less than 30 words:Why are mathematical /statistical tools needed in the understanding of the transmission of traits in the field of Genetics?

Pedigree Analysis Examine the following pedigrees. 1 Examine the pedigree of achondroplasia (a form of dwarfism). a Is this trait dominant or recessive? b How do you know? c Label all of the genotypes on the pedigree chart. II Laboratory Exercise 9 Trait Genetics 113 %3D

Practice Problem 2: Having a hairline with a widow's peak is dominant and a straight hairline is recessive (W = widow's peak; w = straight hairline). Hint: To avoid confusing alleles, use a bar over the lowercase letter OR chose a letter that doesn't look the same upper and lowercase (instead of "W" and"w" you could use "D" and "d"). Cross: A man with a straight hairline marries a woman homozygous dominant for having a widow's peak. What is the genotypic ratio and the phenotypic ratio for this cross?

C. Solve these problems by listing the given genotypes, test crosses, genotypic and phenotypic ratios. 1. A plant with serrated leaf margins (A^aA^a) is crossed with a plant with smooth leaf margins (A^bA^b). What will be the phenotypic and genotypic ratios if a homozygous plant with serrated leaves is crossed with a plant with wavy leaves? Given: Test Cross: Genotypic Ratio: Phenotypic Ratio: (Note: if you have provided a punnett square solution, plus 3 bonus points hehehe)