Deol_55463780_SpeakerSeries6

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School

University of British Columbia *

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Course

113

Subject

Biology

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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Uploaded by harneetdeol48

© SCIE 113 2023 SCIE 113 Speaker Series Worksheet This worksheet is designed to help you analyze arguments presented by speakers at the SCIE 113 speaker series, to concisely summarize their most important points in your own words, and to keep track of sources of information – all important skills that we will practice and apply throughout the course. This worksheet will also be a useful resource if you use information from the speaker series in Essay 1 or the final project. However, this worksheet is not intended for extensive note-taking, and we recommend that you take notes elsewhere before summarizing your answers on this worksheet. Please try to answer questions in 2 sentences at most, unless otherwise noted. Background questions (not for marks, but your TA may give you feedback on these) 1. What is the speaker’s name and job title? The speaker’s name is Dr. Paula Littlejohn, and she is a postdoctoral research fellow at the CC Children’s Research Institute. 2. What is the speaker’s discipline or background in science? Using the APA style guide on Canvas, provide a reference for the source where you learned this information. The speakers background in science is microbiology and immunology specifically exploring the molecular mechanism behind disease development. Her research focuses on understanding the role of nutrition in modulating epigenetic changes in children in their early developmental stages. 3. Using the APA style guide on Canvas, provide a reference for this speaker’s presentation. Paula L. UBC Vancouver. (2023 November). Early-life co-occurring multiple micronutrient deficiencies and the global burden of antibiotic resistance [webinar]. Zoom. https://ubc.zoom.us/rec/play/dEmVQCkLYf0GJ8sY0uJpeyqGJvl17opKnA1C4pK5eQ3t7o5Hph- Ves2WqQrHPKVRrcVfb7Osg8cmLmdp.wWV8Qger__Bat- y8?canPlayFromShare=true&from=share_recording_detail&continueMode=true&componentName=rec- play&originRequestUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fubc.zoom.us%2Frec%2Fshare%2FizxvpZidn7nrUktzqPEVJrz- 2x_PyCXZvDMFFwFSzcW3FUqQGrAi8mFUi-j5QpS7.Gz8phif_nt5STSlZ Questions marked for completion (3 points total) 4. What is one question that you would like to ask the speaker? ( 1 point ) One question I would like to ask the speaker is if alongside nutrition, if there are environmental factors which modulate epigenetic changes in children in their early developmental stages. Additionally, I would like to ask if these factors may hinder the development in children alongside nutritional factors. 5. What was one thing you learned that you found particularly interesting? ( 1 point )

© SCIE 113 2023 I found particularly interesting that within the first 1000 days of development any perturbation or disturbance can confer both immediate and lifelong consequences. Things occurring in utero may also affect the infant in early childhood affecting their risk for disease later on in life. 6. In what way does this presentation relate to what you have learned in SCIE 113 so far? ( 1 point ) ( Note : This question does not apply to the first speaker series presentation of the term.) In my term paper I learned about how environmental factors can influence an individual’s addiction tendences and health if they are pre-exposed to these factors in early childhood. This in similar to the presentation because early childhood development was discussed to be significantly crucial in preventing malnutrition, and the assembly of the gut microbiome. Questions marked for content (7 points total) Note : If the speaker has discussed multiple research projects, please choose one research project to write about for the following questions. 7. What is the speaker’s research question? ( 1 points ) The speakers research question is: “What are the implications of undernutrition and multiple micronutrient deficiencies on the gut microbiome structure, functional potential, and the resistome”? 8. What approaches or methods does the speaker use to investigate the research question? ( 1 point ) The speaker uses a postnatal mouse model that is deficient in multiple micronutrients (zinc, folate, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin B12). Shotgun metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples to characterize the gut microbiome structure and functional potential, and the resistome. 9. What is the main claim that the speaker makes about the research project? ( 2 points ) The main claim is that multiple micronutrient deficiencies lead to multi-kingdom alterations in the gut microbiome, including enrichment of pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae, alterations in the mycobiome and virome, and increased enrichment of genes associated with intrinsic antibiotic resistance. 10. Using point-form notes, list examples of relevant evidence that the speaker presented to support the claim that you identified in question 9. ( 3 points ) - Enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae in micronutrient-deficient mice compared to control diet mice. - Alterations in the mycobiome and virome, with an increase in fungal pathogens like Candida dubliniensis and bacteriophages. - Micronutrient deficiency associated with increased enrichment of antibiotic resistance genes and gene networks encoded by pathogenic bacteria. - Association of bacterial oxidative stress with intrinsic antibiotic resistance in the studied mice. - Detection of genes and gene networks in the gut microbiome of micronutrient-deficient mice that are directly or indirectly related to intrinsic antibiotic resistance, despite the mice being antibiotic-naïve.

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