LYMPH AND IMMUNE SYSTEM WB OLA (6)

Lymphocytes that develop immunocompetence in the thymus are __________lymphocytes.  We put everything in our mouth since our childhood. Therefore our mouth is full of live bacteria.  These bacteria are potentially dangerous if they cross our gut wall into our blood circulation. Fortunately  we are protected from them by our gut's mucosal lining and the cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, B and T lymphocytes) in the lymphoid tissue called [a] (enter two words). This structure play a crucial role for  the development of food tolerance or food [b] (enter one word), coeliac disease and  chronic inflammatory bowel disease.

Lymphoid organs are divided into primary and secondary peripheral organs. Briefly describe thymus gland and lymph node and their main role(s) in the immune system.

The tributaries of the common iliac vein would be: Rt. And Lt. internal iliac veins Rt. And Lt. external iliac veins Internal and external iliac veins Rt. And Lt. femoral veins

The lymphatic tissues/organs illustrated below contain which of the following types of cells? 1.  reticular cells 2.  macrophages 3.  B lymphocytes 4.  T lymphocytes Choose from the following: (A) 1, 2 and 3 (B) 1, 2, and 4 (C) 2, 3, and 4 (D) 1, 3, and 4 (E) 1, 2, 3, and 4

T lymphocytes are characteristically found in all of the following locations EXCEPT

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about Macrophages?     Macrophages have a single, somewhat large nucleus and granular inclusions     Macrophages serve as antigen presenting cells or APCs     Macrophages can express both MHC I and MHC II when acting as an APC     Macrophages have less surface area than dendritic cells have, to bind antigens     Macrophages arise from the same cell as dendritic cells     Resident macrophages are found in only certain, specific tissues

Antibodies don't kill any pathogen directly. Describe FIVE different ways that antibodies help our body fight diseases.

What is the function of the lymph nodes?

Which of the following structures defend against pathogens by acting as a blood filter?     lymph node     thymus     spleen     tonsils     red marrow

Movement of large bulky substances into lymphatic vesses is easier and less selective than movement of these same (1) tight junctions, and allow solute movement blood vessels must contain (2) O More; Paracellularly O Fewer; Paracellularly O More; Transcellularly O Fewer; Transcellularly

Part E - Characteristics of Lymphocytes Drag and drop the correct type of immunity on the left to complete the sentence that describes the targets, actions, or cell associated with that type of immunity. Immunity types may be used more than once, but each sentence has only one correct type of immunity associated with the description. View Available Hint(s)

Macrophage, dendritic cells, T-cells, and B-cells are all considered cells of the adaptive immune system. All these cells come in different varieties.  Still there are some basic processes and interactions between them to generate the appropriate adaptive immune response and defeat the pathogen. Which white blood cell above is not a phagocyte but is an antigen-presenting cell?

Familiar symptoms like high temperature and swelling are processes to aid in the immune response the immune response provides another benefit it’s helps us to develop__________ immunity  antibodies  blood  leukocytes  long-term  macrophages

Secondary lymphoid organs, such as the lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, each have distinct features that are important for their role in initiating immune responses focused on different anatomical compartments (i.e., the peripheral tissues, the blood, or the gastrointestinal tract, respectively). Yet these organs share some overall structural features, such as distinct T-cell and B-cell zones. One major difference between these organs is: The presence versus the absence of macrophages and dendritic cells Their function in bringing rare naive lymphocytes into contact with their specific antigen The ability of lymphocytes to enter the organ from the blood The mechanism by which antigens or pathogens enter the organ The ability of naïve T cells to be activated and proliferate in the organ

A 40- year-old patient after stress reaction has accidental involution of tymus and decreasing number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood. After their maturation in the thymus and release into the circulation, T- lymphocytes migrate preferentially to which of the following sites? Paracortex of lymph nodes Red pulp of the spleen O Cortical lymphoid nodules of lymph nodes Hilus of lymph nodes O Medullary cords of lymph nodes

List the similarities and differences between the following terms: B lymphocyte and T lymphocyte

An important aspect of the immune system is the physical separation of the blood lymphatics, extracellular fuld and reticuloendothelial system, so that cells and chemicals of the immune system are isolated from one another True or False

Which of the following is a protein involved with the innate immune response? eosinophil Immunoglobulin M fibrin lysozyme

Macrophage, dendritic cells, T-cells, and B-cells are all considered cells of the adaptive immune system. All these cells come in different varieties.  Still there are some basic processes and interactions between them to generate the appropriate adaptive immune response and defeat the pathogen. Which leukocytes above are professional antigen-presenting cells? How do they differentiate their work load?

Which is not an effector T lymphocyte? cytotoxic T lymphocyte memory T lymphocyte helper T lymphocyte

Clinical Application: Immune System and Autoimmunity Disease Lymphocytes may be involved in two major types of responses to the presence of potentially threatening foreign substances. In anti- body-mediated immunity, B lymphocytes may produce antibodies that react with specific antigens on an invading cell or molecule. In cell-mediated immunity, T lymphocytes secrete lymphokines that signal other immune responses and often destroy antigen- containing cells directly. The antibody-antigen reactions associated with immune responses have been used by clinical biologists for years. Several examples are given. Think about each example and answer the questions.   1. Biologists often use antibodies to test for the presence of certain antigens in a particular substance. In Lab Exercise 33- Hormones and Lab Exercise 34-Blood, you witnessed demon- strations of this technique. For each antigen listed, indicate the substance tested (e.g., blood, urine) and give a brief summary of the…

Match the formed elements with their functions: Erythrocytes thrombocytes granulocytes neutrophils basophil natural killer cells Choices  nonspecific innate defense mechanisms carry oxygen to tissues  seek out and destroy bacteria via phagocytosis  recognize and destroy abnormal host cells basophil releases histimine; function in allergic reactions and inflammation responses  formation of blood clots and tissue repair

to contrast the difference between the adaptive and innate immune system. What cells are involved, which one is most specific and which one is responsible for long lasting immunity. Try to include as much detail as possible when contrasting these two arms of the immune system. Requirements be at least 150 words.

Identify the two categories of lymphoid organs and their roles in the body's immune response. Explain the non-immune functions that the lymphatic system through the spleen and the lymphatic capillaries in the small intestines carry out.

Asap Lymph enters a lymph node via afferent vessels, circulates through lymph sinuses, and then exits via efferent vessels. What is the physiological significance of each lymph node having fewer efferent vessels than afferent vessels?

What type(s) of biological molecule(s) are the best at inducing immune responses? What properties make these molecules good antigens? (Remember: the biological molecules are lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids)