Lung Volumes and Capacities

noted the volume value. Then, tapped the bottom of the valley that followed it and noted the volume value. Then, calculated the D y value and recorded it to the nearest 0.1 L as the total Tidal Volume. 9. Next, we determined the D y for the Tidal Volume portion of the graph. We tapped the peak that represented the maximum inspiration and noted the volume value. Using the level of the peaks graphed during normal breathing from Step 8, we calculated the D y value and recorded it to the nearest 0.1 L as the total Inspiratory Reserve Volume. 10. Next, we determined the D y for the Tidal Volume portion of your graph by tapping the valley that represented our maximum expiration value and noted it. From here, using the level of the valleys graphed during normal breathing again from Step 8, we calculated the D y value and record it again to the nearest 0.1 L as the total Expiratory Reserve Volume. 11. From here we could calculate the Vital Capacity and estimated it to the nearest 0.1 L (in Table 1) using the equation provided below. VC = TV + IRV + ERV 12. After this, we could calculate the Total Lung Capacity and enter the total to the nearest 0.1 L (in Table 1) with the provided equation below. (Using the value of 1.5 L for the RV.) TLC = VC + RV Results Table 1 Volume measurement (L) Helena’s (L) Nelson’s (L) Faith’s (L) Tidal Volume (TV) 1.91 1.59 1.69 Inspiratory Reserve (IRV) 0.49 0.55 0.72 Expiratory Reserve (ERV) 0.65 2 1.13 Vital Capacity (VC) 2.84 3.76 3.65 Residual Volume (RV) ≈1.5 ≈1.5 ≈1.5 Total Lung Capacity (TLC) 4.34 5.26 5.15 Data Calculations in Table 1 formated from data points in graphs below:

object which completely obstructed your right mainstem bronchus? - Helena’s Tidal Volume was 1.91L. Nelson’s Tidal Volume was 1.59L. Faith’s Tidal Volume was 1.69L We would expect the Tidal Volume to decrease if there was a foreign object inhaled and obstructing the right mainstem bronchus as the circulation to the right lung would be cut off. 2. Describe the difference between lung volumes for males and females. What might account for this? - The differences between lung volumes for males and females is size of thoracic cavity. Size and shape of the person would account for this, females have 10-12% smaller thoracic cavities than males ( Bellemare ). 3. Calculate your Minute Volume at rest. (TV ´ breaths/minute) = Minute Volume at rest. If you are taking shallow breaths (TV = 0.20 L) to avoid severe pain from rib fractures, what respiratory rate will be required to achieve the same minute volume? - (1.91L)(14) = 27.74 - (0.20) (x) = 27.74. X = 138. You would need to take 138 breaths per minute to achieve the same minute volume. - 1.59L)(15)=23.85 - (0.2)(X)=23.85 X=119.25 (breaths per minute to achieve the same minute volume) 4. Exposure to occupational hazards such as coal dust, silica dust, and asbestos may lead to fibrosis , or scarring of lung tissue. With this condition, the lungs become stiff and have more “recoil.” What would happen to TLC and VC under these conditions? - Scarring of the lung tissue would cause a decrease in lung function due to the scar tissue causing a thickening of the lung walls. This can also cause a decrease in the amount of oxygen supply in the blood stream and would leave patients with a decreased Total Lung capacity and Vital capacity (Wikipedia). 5. In severe emphysema there is destruction of lung tissue and reduced recoil. What would you expect to happen to TLC and VC? - In emphysema there is a loss of function and damage to the alveolar walls in the lungs and a reduced recoil. With emphysema, the lung empties slower which means that the lungs would chronically overinflate. This would lead to an overall high total lung capacity and leads to an inefficiency in lung function. Because the lungs are emptying slower and less efficiently, this would lead to a lower vital capacity (Johns Hopkins). 6. What would you expect to happen to your Expiratory Reserve Volume when you are treading water in a lake? - When treading water in a lake, there is an increase of pressure on the body from the surrounding water. This additional water pressure on the body would cause an increase in the Expiratory Reserve Volume. Discussion The results shown in the graphs relating to “lung-volume capacity” and “flow rate” portray a very