Lung Volumes and Capacities

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Pennsylvania State University *

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141

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Biology

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Dec 6, 2023

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Faith, Nelson, and Helena Physiology Lab 141 Dr. Borsch April 11, 2017
Abstract Normal breathing involves the circulation of 1/10th of the total lung capacity. In order to evaluate other capacities, maximum amount of effort of inhalation and exhalation was carried out to measure the differences when breathing while relaxed versus breathing with a lot of effort. The breathing cycle starts by the diaphragm contracting and flattening downward, as the chest expands outward. As this happens, the volume increasing brings air in through the nose and mouth. Once the inhaled air in the lungs has reached a high volume and pressure, exhalation occurs and the chest wall, diaphragm, and lung tissue recoil. In this experiment, lung volumes were measured during normal breathing and with maximum effort of inhalation and exhalation. Once these processes were evaluated in both relaxed and maximum efforts, data points and graphs were collected and comparisons were made between participant lung capacities, differences in female and male capacity values, and between volumes of air passed with maximum and relaxed effort. Procedure Materials Used - LabQuest - LabQuest App - Vernier Spirometer - Disposable Mouthpiece - Disposable Bacterial Filter - Nose Clip (Procedure Taken from the Lung Volumes and Capacities Experiment) 1. We began by connecting the Spirometer to LabQuest and choose New from the File menu. 2. On the Meter screen, “Rate” was tapped, and we changed the data-collection rate to 100 samples/second and the data-collection length to 60 seconds. Then we selected “OK”. 3. Next, we attached the larger diameter side of a bacterial filter to the “Inlet” side of the Spirometer. Then attached a gray disposable mouthpiece to the other end of the bacterial filter.. 4. The Spirometer was held with one or both hands as our arm(s) were braced against a solid surface, and choose Zero from the Sensors menu. 5. From here, we collected the inhalation and exhalation data by first putting on the nose plug, then by taking normal breaths, we began data collection with an inhalation and continued to breathe in and out. After 4 cycles of normal inspirations and expirations we filled our lungs as deeply as possible for maximum inhalation, and then exhaled as fully as possible for maximum expiration. This was followed with at least one additional recovery breath. 6. From here, we stopped data collection. 7. We then viewed the graph based on volume vs . time, tapped the y-axis label and selected “Volume”. We had noticed some drift in the baseline on the graph, and choose “Baseline Adjustment” from the “Analyze” menu to bring the baseline volumes closer to zero, and selected “OK”. 8. From here, we determined the D y for the Tidal Volume portion of the graph. We did this by selecting a representative peak and valley in the Tidal Volume portion on the graph. We tapped the peak and
noted the volume value. Then, tapped the bottom of the valley that followed it and noted the volume value. Then, calculated the D y value and recorded it to the nearest 0.1 L as the total Tidal Volume. 9. Next, we determined the D y for the Tidal Volume portion of the graph. We tapped the peak that represented the maximum inspiration and noted the volume value. Using the level of the peaks graphed during normal breathing from Step 8, we calculated the D y value and recorded it to the nearest 0.1 L as the total Inspiratory Reserve Volume. 10. Next, we determined the D y for the Tidal Volume portion of your graph by tapping the valley that represented our maximum expiration value and noted it. From here, using the level of the valleys graphed during normal breathing again from Step 8, we calculated the D y value and record it again to the nearest 0.1 L as the total Expiratory Reserve Volume. 11. From here we could calculate the Vital Capacity and estimated it to the nearest 0.1 L (in Table 1) using the equation provided below. VC = TV + IRV + ERV 12. After this, we could calculate the Total Lung Capacity and enter the total to the nearest 0.1 L (in Table 1) with the provided equation below. (Using the value of 1.5 L for the RV.) TLC = VC + RV Results Table 1 Volume measurement (L) Helena’s (L) Nelson’s (L) Faith’s (L) Tidal Volume (TV) 1.91 1.59 1.69 Inspiratory Reserve (IRV) 0.49 0.55 0.72 Expiratory Reserve (ERV) 0.65 2 1.13 Vital Capacity (VC) 2.84 3.76 3.65 Residual Volume (RV) ≈1.5 ≈1.5 ≈1.5 Total Lung Capacity (TLC) 4.34 5.26 5.15 Data Calculations in Table 1 formated from data points in graphs below:
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