Boseman Science Videos Worksheet Mario

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Florida International University *

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2023

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Biology

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Dec 6, 2023

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docx

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Uploaded by lizcorrea092304

Lab 4 – Boseman Science Videos Use the 3 videos from the Lab Module to answer the following questions. Then turn it in through the Submit-It link as a scored Assignment. Positive and Negative Feedback Loops 1. Introduction a. Negative Feedback loop: dance around that point, brings you to stability b. Positive Feedback loop: amplifying and moving changes away from the set point c. What can alterations in our feedback loops lead to? Alterations in feedback loops can lead to disruptions in homeostasis and various health issues. 2. Negative Feedback a. Homeostasis defined: Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions. b. How does a hairless cat maintain homeostasis? through behavioral changes and potentially through physiological adaptations like sweating. c. Ectotherms defined: Ectotherms are organisms that rely on external sources of heat to regulate their body temperature. d. Endotherms defined: Endotherms are organisms that can internally regulate their body temperature. e. What types of feedback loop do we use to maintain our temperature? i. If too hot we (also explain why we would do that): If too hot, we might sweat to cool down (evaporative cooling). ii. If too cold we (again, explain why that behavior): If too cold, we might shiver to generate heat. 3. Positive Feedback a. What plant hormone does ripe fruit give off? ethylene b. Why can one “bad apple” spoil a barrel? Ethylene can accelerate the ripening of other fruits, so one overripe fruit can lead to the spoilage of others. c. How is fruit ripening an example of positive feedback? Fruit ripening is an example of positive feedback because ethylene production increases as more fruits ripen. d. What is the example in humans? An example in humans is blood clotting, where platelet activation leads to more platelet activation.

e. Positive feedback is not used for a long time, it is used when you want to do something very quickly 4. Mistakes in Feedback Loops a. Besides being in your blood, where else could glucose go? (2x) Taken in by the cells or be stored in glycogen b. What two hormones help with blood glucose regulation: insulin and glucagon c. What organ and what other job does it have? Pancreas and empties digestive enzymes into the small intestine and to regulate the blood glucose level d. What are the two cells found in the pancreas and what does each do? alpha and beta cells. beta cells (produce insulin) and alpha cells (produce glucagon). e. Why does the blood glucose levels usually rise three times per day? Blood glucose levels usually rise after meals due to the intake of carbohydrates. f. What else was rising at the same time? Insulin lowers blood glucose levels, while glucagon raises them. g. What is wrong when you have type I diabetes? beta cells don't work h. What is type II diabetes a result of usually? too much glucose throughout entire life, beta cells aren't recognized i. What pattern do you see with diabetes worldwide and why is that? There's a rising trend in diabetes worldwide due to factors like diet and lifestyle. Elements of a Feedback Loops 1. How do we think of a human as a ‘system’? Knowing that a person is a complicated system made up of interconnected pieces that work as a whole when seen as a system. The circulatory, respiratory, digestive, and neurological systems are only a few examples of the numerous systems that make up the human body. Organs, tissues, and cells unique to each system work together to maintain homeostasis and perform crucial tasks. 2. What are the parts of a feedback loop; both the terms and what parts of the body the terms would describe. A feedback loop includes components like the receptor, effector(s), stimulus, and response. 3. In the loop, where do you find the receptor, the effector(s), the stimulus, and the response? (see below) - Receptor: The receptor detects the stimulus and sends signals to the control center. - - Effector: The effector receives signals from the control center and carries out the response. - Stimulus: The stimulus is the change or signal detected by the receptor. - Response: The response is the resulting action or change produced by the effector. 4. In the example of the speed sign, what is the receptor, the effector, the stimulus, and the response? In a speed sign example, the camera is the receptor, the traffic light system is the

effector, the speed of the car is the stimulus, and the slowing down or speeding up of the car is the response. 5. In a thermostat example, the thermostat is the receptor, the heating or cooling system is the effector, the temperature is the stimulus, and adjusting the temperature is the response. 6. In the case of the thermostat, what is the receptor, the effector, the stimulus, and the response? Receptor: Skin temperature receptors. Stimulus: Change in body temperature. Effectors: Sweat glands (cooling) and shivering (warming). Response: Cooling or warming of the body. 7. In the case of Thermoregulation, what is the receptor? Where is this receptor located? What is this receptor connected to? - Receptor: Thermoreceptors located in the hypothalamus of the brain detect changes in body temperature. - Location: The hypothalamus is located in the brain. – Connection: The receptor is connected to temperature sensors throughout the body, including the skin and internal organs. 8. What is the stimulus? What are the effectors? How do the effectors respond to the stimulus and how does that change the conditions? Include both high and low effectors and their response. - Stimulus: Deviation from the optimal body temperature. - Effectors: Sweat glands and blood vessels in the skin. - Response to high temperature: Dilating blood vessels, activating sweat production, and increasing heat loss from the body. - Response to low temperature: Constricting blood vessels, shivering, and generating heat to increase body temperature. 9. The Beta cells are part of what portion of the pancreas? - Beta cells are part of the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans), which are clusters of cells in the pancreas. 10. What is the ‘too high’ response and where does the insulin go? - "Too high" response: When blood glucose levels are high. - Insulin: Released from beta cells in the pancreas.

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