Chapter 15 questions

Directions: 1. Use the DNA code to make a replicated copy of DNA. 2. Use the replicated DNA code to create your transcription mRNA code. 3. Use the mRNA code to create your tRNA anticodon. 4. USE THE MRNA CODE TO DETERMINE YOUR AMINO ACIDS. MAKE SURE TO PUT YOUR LETTERS IN ALL CAPS! DNA ATG GCA AGC GCT TGA DNA TAC REPLICATION DNA TO MRNA AUG TRANSCRIPTION MRNA to tRNA UAC ANTICODON MRNA to AMINO AUG (START) (STOP) ACID TRANSLATION DNA ATG ССА GAC ACG TGA DNA ТАС REPLICATION DNA TO MRNA AUG TRANSCRIPTION MRNA to TRNA UAC ANTICODON MRNA to AMINO AUG (START) (STOP) ACID TRANSLATION

#5,6,7,8

8. Below is a double stranded DNA: ATATGTGGTCTCGG TCCGTTAGGCAAT TATACACCAGAGCCAGGCAATCCGTTA 8.1. Which strand functions as the transcription template, the top one or the bottom one? Explain your reasoning What is the MRNA transcript and polypeptide from this strand? In the space below, copy the DNA strand that is transcribed, and write the MRNA transcript. 8.2. 8.3. Identify the polypeptide chain below it. Align the MRNA and polypeptide so that it is clear which DNA bases they came from.

8

1. Determine what amino acid will be formed from the given  DNA strand below:                          3’   T   A  C   A   T   G   C   C   G   A   A   T   G   C   C   5’   2. how will replication happen by mentioning the enzyme needed then transcribe to form mRNA.  3.  Discuss what will happen to mRNA, then translate, mentioning the anticodon to be used 4. Look at the genetic code to know what amino acid will become part of the polypeptide chain.

kindly answer 4-6

1. Given the piece of MRNA: 5'-CCUGCAGUAUGAAACGCCUGGUAGAAGGUGGGAAGUGGUGCGCC-3' 1. Predict the DNA strand sequence from which it was transcribe 2. List the complementary non-coding DNA Sequence 3. List the Amino acid Sequence of the protein coded for. Use the Genetic Code 2. Below is a short segment of a DNA molecule. Translate the DNA codon into MRNA. 5'- TACCATGAGAATTGTGG TCACCTTTTT-3' 3'- ATGGTACTCTTAACACCAGTGGAAAA A-5' MRNA Sequence Amino Acid Sequence

Section 1: DNA Replication The image BELOW represents the double-helix structure of DNA. During the process of DNA Replication, the bonds between the base pairs are broken and the structure separates. Then, additional DNA bases arrive and begin to pair with the existing bases on the template or "original" strands, which lead to the replication of DNA. Given the sequence of bases from one side of the DNA molecules , identify the bases that would form the opposing side of the DNA molecule.

II. Use the eukaryotic gene DNA sequence below to answer the following questions: 1 11 CGACTTACTG 51 TGGACGCGCC 101 Genetic Code: First letter U с c. Where is the 3' UTR? Circle one. 70-111 14-60 C Polyadenylation signal in the corresponding mRNA: Kozak's sequence in the corresponding mRNA: Start (initiation) codon in the corresponding mRNA: Stop (termination) codon in the corresponding mRNA: UUU UUC UUA UUG] CUU CUC CUA CUG 61 AUU AUC AUA AUG لالا GUU GUC GUA GUG GGCGTATAAA GCGACGACTG TAGACTGATG AGCCTATCCA 111 GTCATTCAGC GTAGTCTGAT GCCAGTCGAC TGCATTGGAC ACCGGTTACA a. Write the corresponding sequences, circle & label them in the sequence above: TATA box sequence: (label as TATA) U ATGGCCCTGT AAGCGGTGCG ATGCAATAAA b. What region of mRNA contains the open reading frame that will be translated into protein? Circle one. 51-111 Phenylalanine. (Phe) Leucine (Leu) Leucine (Leu) Isoleucine (Ile) Methionine (Met) 21 61-69 Valine (Val) 71 UCU UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG 121 ACU ACC ACA ACG GCU…

Table 8.2: Transcription and translation of the first 7 codons in the B-globin chain of hemoglobin. Normal Sequence Mutated Sequence DNA DNA amino acid DNA DNA amino Codon MRNA Codon MRNA coding template strand coding template strand strand acid code code strand sequence sequence G 1 1 G G C 2 A 2 A 3 G G A A 4 4 C G A G G G G 7 A 7 A G G Shape of RBC Shape of RBC 23 3.

Use the bottom strand in question 1 and use the bottom strand in question 4

1. Define the following terms DNA RNA Replication Translation Transcription 2. What is the central dogma of life? 3. Cite at least three fat-soluble vitamins and provide their functions 4. Cite at least three water-soluble vitamins and provide their functions 5. What are minerals? Why are they important to the body?

4. How is replication different from transcription in terms of product? 5. What do you call each triplet code made up of three linearly arranged nucleotides in the mRNA? 6. What is the complement of the mRNA triplet code in the tRNA? 7. In what way is tRNA different from mRNA? 8. In what ways are RNA and DNA similar? 9, In what ways are they different?

26. Using the following DNA strand, write out the mRNA, and then the amino acids. DNA: 3' T- A- C- A- A- G- T- A- C- T- T- G- T- T- T- C- T- T- A- A- A 5' A LIGUULAUGAOLAAAGAAUUL Phe- MRNA: Amino Acids: met Phe- met Asme -LyS- G la- 27. Suppose the two guanosine (G) nucleotides in3 above were changed to two cytosine (C) nucleotides. What is the new amino acid chain? 28. Suppose the two guanosine (G) nucleotides in #3 were removed from the DNA strand. How would this mutation affect the amino acid chain? Write out the new amino acid chain.