Chapter 12 Answers-Transport

A8.

( Notes 1.Explain what will happen to an animal cell when it is placed in a solution that has a greater solute concentration than that inside the cell. 2.How will a plant cell that is subjected to a solute concentration that is less than that of inside the cell will react? 3.What is the importance of the concentration gidient in passive transport? 4.in which type of transport does the working mechanism of a sodium-potassium pump belongs to? Explain, 5.How do secretory cells perform exocytosis?

1. Name the two forms of passive transport. 2. With reference to a named, specific example, describe the processes involved in channel mediated diffusion. In your answe state what kind of transport it is.  3. Explain why the graph obtained for facilitated diffusion when velocity of transport of a given molecule is plotted against its concentration is a hyperbola. In your answer, highlight the events that occur along the hyperbola.

Item11       Item 11   The sodium-potassium ATPase functions by performing   Multiple Choice   a. primary active transport.   b. secondary active transport.   c. exocytosis.   d. both exocytosis and endocytosis.   e. receptor-mediated endocytosis.   Item12       Item 12   The uptake of cholesterol into cells is an example of   Multiple Choice   a. phagocytosis.   b. pinocytosis.   c. receptor-mediated endocytosis.   d. receptor-mediated exocytosis.   e. simple diffusion.   Item13       Item 13   The sodium-potassium pump moves   Multiple Choice   a. sodium and potassium into the cell.   b. sodium and potassium out of the cell.   c. sodium into the cell and potassium out of the cell.   d. sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell.

4. The graph below represents two different modes of transport across a biological membrane. One employs a membrane protein and the other does not. Which line represents transport with a membrane protein? Label each line with the mode of transport. There are three key characteristics of transport across a biological membrane using a membrane protein. What are these three key features? List and describe each feature. 107 A B Concentration difference across the mebrane Rate of Transport

Matching

20. Which of the following is NOT true of ABC transport? A. An example of active transport systems B. ATP-dependent process C. Employ carrier proteins D. It moves molecules against the concentration gradient E. Observed only in Eukarya

Jus give all answer only with little bit explanation

33. Which statements concerning passive and active transport are correct?    A. Both passive and active transport requires cell energy B. Passive requires cell energy while active transport does not C. Active transport requires cell energy while passive does not D. Neither passive nor active transport requires cell energy

23. Look at the diagram of a cross-section of a cell membrane below. CELL MEMBRANE Low Concentration of Substances Outside Cell Cell Membrane Inside Cell High Concentration of Substances The molecules in the diagram are moving through a protein channel. What type of cellular transport does this represent? a. Passive Transport- Osmosis b. Passive Transport- Facilitated Diffusion c. Active Transport- Facilitated Diffusion d. Active Transport- Endocytosis Direction of Substance Movement

rate of transport Vmax 1/2Vmax transporter-mecated diffusion Km simple diffusion concentration of transported molecule The graph at left shows rates of movement across a cell membrane for a substance that uses simple diffusion (green) and a transport mechanism (red). Which of the following is TRUE about the transporters at the point shown by the arrow? A. The transporter proteins are operating more slowly than at lower concentrations. B. The transporter proteins are operating as fast as possible. C. The transporters proteins shut off at that concentration. D. The rate slows because transporter proteins run out of ATP.

Listen The mechanism of membrane transport may involve the following: 1) ATP hydrolysis. O2) Conformation change of membrane proteins. 3) Phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of membrane proteins. 4) ATP hydrolysis and conformation change of membrane proteins. 5) All of these are correct.

(a)Aquaporins and membrane channel protein in plant and animal,they permit the movement of water across the membrane.Explain why this is necessary.(b) Explain the importance of cell surface membrane to cell

Osmosis 15. Contrast the following types of solutions: isotonic - hypertonic - hypotonic – Primary Active Transport 16. Describe primary active transport mechanisms using the sodium-potassium pump as an example. Secondary Active Transport 17. a. Define secondary active transport. b. How does secondary active transport maintain low calcium concentrations in the cytosel and/or absorption of nutrients into cell? Endocytosis

2. 1. Compare and contrast between passive transport, active transport and bulk transport? Explain (using the correct terminology and drawing an image) what happens to the cells in the following environments: a. A human blood cell (0.9% salt) is placed in a salt water tank (27.5% salt). b. A bacterial cell with 35% organic material in their cytoplasm is living in a tank filled with 35% sulfur. c. A freshwater plant cell (75% water) is living in a pond that floods over. 3. List and briefly define the two Laws of Thermodynamics (energy).

Please answer in detail.

23. Osmotic pressure is the force provided by water molecules as they diffuse through the membrane osmotic pressure is indicated by the height of the water columns observed in this experiment higher columns indicate greater pressure What relationship exists between the difference in the concentration of water on each side of the membrane and the osmotic pressure.

22. Which of the following statements about passive processes of membrane transport is true?  a. cellular energy is not required b. substances move along its concentration gradient c. all require the aid of proteins during transport d. a and b e. a and c

secondary active transport depends on which of the following principles? a. sodium is pumped out of the cell against a concentration gradient by primary active transport b. sodium moves out of the cell with a concentration gradient c. primary active transport is necessary to pump sodium into the cell from a higher to lower concentration d. diffusion causes sodium to move out of the cell

Osmosis Practice Activity Osmosis is the diffusion of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Only water moves in osmosis! The diagrams below show the concentration of water and salt inside the cell and the concentration of water and salt surrounding the cell. Complete the sentences below by comparing the concentration of the water inside the cell and the concentration outside the cell. 1. a. Water will flow the cell, out of the cell, in both directions). (into 5% NaCl 95% H20 95% NaCI 5% H20 b. The cell will (shrink, burst, stay the same). a. Water will flow (into the cell. 2. 5% NaCl out of the cell, in both directions). 5% NaCl 95% H20 95% H20 b. The cell will (shrink, burst, stay the same).

Terms Similarity Difference Active Transport/Passive Transport 4. Osmosis - hypertonic/hypotonic/isotonic Define the following: Term Definition Isotonic Hypertonic Hypotonic Concentration in center of box is the concentration inside the cell. Concentration elsewhere in box is the concentration outside the cell. Beaker 1 A. What is the % of water inside the cell? 90% glucose B. What is the % of water outside the cell? C. Will osmosis occur? 10% glucose D. If so, in what direction will osmosis occur? E. Will glucose diffuse? F. Will the cell shrink or swell? G. How do you know? H. This diagram shows the cell in a(n) (circle one) hypotonic / hypertonic / isotonic solution.

Liver cells are in contact with the blood and exchange a variety of substances with the blood plasma (the noncellular part of blood). The concentration of water is equal in the cytoplasm of liver cells and in the blood plasma.  Explain this observation in terms of membrane permeability and transport mechanisms. Animal cells typically maintain a higher concentration of Na+ outside the cell and a higher concentration of K+ inside the cell via the Na+-K+ pump. The drug ouabain inhibits the activity of the Na+-K+ pump.  A nerve cell is incubated in ouabain.  Predict what will happen to the concentrations of Na+ and K+ inside and outside the nerve cell as a result.

Pertains to membrane transport and signaling

3. In the following diagram, determine the type of transport protein in A. Justify your answer with specific reference to the role that Ca²+ and galactose have in this scenario. Apical membrane ATP 2 CI Basal membrane CI™ ADP + Pi Ca²+ Ca²+ 2 Ca²+ Cytosol Galactose A

Part 1: If a gated channel (not a pump) is specific for potassium ions and based on what you know about concentration gradients, when will the potassium ions move through the channel? a) Is gated channel transport using energy (ATP)? Part 2: Why does the sodium - potassium pump need to use energy (ATP)? a) Define active transport in your own words.

6. For each of the following scenarios described where a molecule or ion is moving from one side of a membrane to the other, select the method by which the molecule or ion is moving. Each answer can be used more than once, or not at all. a. Simple Diffusion b. Facilitated diffusion by a channel protein c. Facilitated diffusion by a carrier/transport protein d. Active transport by a pump e. Could be B or C, not enough information is given . Chloride (Cl-) is an ion that is essential for neuronal signaling and regulating action potential/excitability in neurons. When chloride receptors are opened with a neurotransmitter, Cl- flows from high concentration in the synapse (outside of the cell) to low concentration in the neuron cell. Oxygen gas must cross from the bloodstream into cells and it has the chemical structure O=O. Glucose is a polar molecule that moves from the small intestine, where it is found high concentra to inside the cells that line the digestive tract, where it is found…

Párrafo Estilos the glucose molecules are chemically bonded more tightly on one side of the membrane than on the other. 9. Water moves across a cell membrane through a channel protein, whereas glucose moves across a cell membrane via a carrier protein. Which statement provides a valid comparison of these two membrane transport systems? Glucose moves in a direction from high to low concentration, while water moves in a direction that is not governed by differing solute concentrations. Water transport occurs without the cell using energy, whereas glucose transport requires energy input by the cell. A cell can add more sites for water transport to increase water movement across the membrane but cannot achieve the same result for glucose using a similar strategy. Several water molecules move one after the other through the opening provided by a channel protein, while glucose is transported across the membrane via a carrier protein one molecule at a time. Genetic mutations can alter glucose…

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Which of the following statements are correct? P. Plasma membrane is highly impermeable to all charged molecules Q. All membrane transport proteins so far known, are transmembrane multipass proteins R. Ionophores operate by shielding the charge of the transported ion so that it can penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer. S. Na+-K+ ATPase exchanges equal numbers of Na+ and K+ ions in each pumping cycle P and Q R and S P and S Q and R