Answer Key for Exam 3

1. Which of the following micro-organisms are the most resistant to heat sterilization? a. Vegetative bacteria (e.g., Samonella spp.) b. Spore-forming mesophilic bacteria (e.g., Clostridium botulinum) c. Spore-forming thermophilic bacteria (e.g., Bacillus stearothermophilus) d. Toxicogenic bacteria (e.g., E. coli O157:H7) e. All of the above are equally resistant to heat sterilization.

Which of the following antimicrobial control methods would likely not beused in the clinical setting during daily care of clients and their physicalenvironment on a medicalsurgical floor?a. sterilization                                                                                                        b. antisepsis.                                                                                                        c. disinfection                                                                                                        d. sanitization

10. Which one of the following methods of antimicrobial susceptibility testing combines some of the properties of two other methods and involves adding a plastic strip to the agar?  a. Gradient diffusion method b. Agar macrodilution method c. Disk diffusion method d. Broth microdilution method   11. Most ATP molecules are produced during which phase of aerobia respiration? a. Fermentation b. Krebs cycle c. Glycolysis d. Electron transport chain   12. The goal of disinfection is to eliminate ____ whereas the goal of sterile technique is to exclude ____ a. bacteria , bacteria and viruses b. pathogens, all microorganisms c. nonpathogenspathogens d. all microorganisms, pathogens 13. Which one of the following statements about archaea is false? Select one: a. The cell walls of archaea contain a thicker layer of peptidoglycan than the cell walls of bacteria. b. Some archaea live in extremely hot environments. c. Archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes than they are to bacteria. d.…

The mechanical removal of microbes from a limited area of living tissue is referred to as -- a. None of the above b. disinfection c. pasteurization d. antisepsis e. sterilization

1. Which of the following methods is the best way to sterilize the apparatus used in a surgical operation? A. Pasteurization B. Incineration C. Boiling in water D. Autoclaving E. Disinfect with 75% alcohol

Choose one specific way from each of the two methods of inhibiting the growth of microbes below. Describe the method, explain the mechanism of action of killing the microorganisms and give practical applications of your chosen ways.  1. Physical Methods - Heat, cold, dessication, radiation, ultrasonic waves, filtration, gaseous atmosphere 2. Chemical Methods- disinfectants, antiseptics

2. Which of the following statements is true regarding steam sterilization? a. It is a universal technique, applicable to a product of any nature. b. At the same temperature, usually more effective than dry heat. c. Steam sterilization is amenable to a continuous workflow. d. The purpose of the steam is to keep the product from drying out during sterilization. Steam cannot be combined any other sterilization technique. е.

Which of the following is not a factor that should be considered when selecting a antimicrobial drug? A.  The nature of the microbe causing the infection B. The overall medical condition of the patient C. The origin of the drug D. The degree of susceptibility of the microbe to that drug

Match the terminology correctly with the definition in the table below (eg A=1). TERMINOLOGY DEFINITION A. Aerosol 1. Disease caused by pathogen transfer B. Airborne infection 2. Process to kill or remove pathogenic microorganism (not spores) C. Asepsis 3. Organism capable of multiplication D. Decontamination 4. Process to kill/remove all microorganisms including spores and viruses E. Pathogen 5. Thick-walled resting cells formed by Gram+ organisms F. Infection 6. Organism able to cause disease in a host G. Disinfection 7. Suspension in air of finely dispersed solids or liquids H. Viable microorganisms 8. Caused by inhaling airborne material carrying microbial contaminants I. Sterilization 9. Prevention of microbial contamination J. Spores (bacterial) 10. Disinfection or sterilization of contaminated articles

3. For each category of microbial control, list examples. Sterilization Disinfection Sanitization/ Antisepsis/ Degermation Alcohol Decontamination Autoclave

1. Which of the following manufacturing practices to maintain probiotic label claims regarding bacteria counts can negatively impact patient health? A. Freeze-drying B. Overstocking C. Refrigerated shipping D. Surveillance cultures   2. Which of the following is a prebiotic? A. Bifidobacterium bifidum B. Enterococcus faecium C. Oligofructose D. Saccharomyces boulardii   3. Which factor is LEAST important when selecting a probiotic? A. Cost of product B. Manufacturer quality control/testing C. Number of bacterial strains D. Presence of prebiotics

1-The method of sterilizations we used in the tissue culture lab a. Fumigation b. Filtration C. Autoclave d. Sun light

Microbe(s) that is/are the target(s) of pasteurization include(s)a. Clostridium botulinum b. Mycobacterium species c. Salmonella species d. both b and c

1. Given the following common laboratory materials, which of the three methods of heat sterilization do you think is the most appropriate and practical to use in sterilizing them Why do you think so ? Method of heat sterilization Reason a. Empty flasks b. L-rod (glass rod) c. 10 ml glass pipet d. Wire needles e. Antibiotic solution

Define the following: 1. Asepsis: 2. Disinfectant: 3. Antiseptic: 4. Sanitization: 5. Bacteriostatic: 6. Bactericidal: 7. Thermal death point (TDP): 8. Thermal death time (TDT): 9. Decimal Reduction Time (DRT):

1. What is the key ingredient of hand sanitizers?  include a image of the chemical structure of the ingredient and explain how it works 2. What did Ignacio Semmelweis discover? Describe the situation and what he recommended to the medical community 

about microorganims a. How are microorganisms beneficial in the food industry? b. Use of Microbes for Improving Food Safety and Quality c. How do you ensure the microbial safety of the food industry?

i need the answer quickly

What appropriate method should be used in controlling microbial growth in each of the following? 1. Chicken serum 2. Fresh goat milk  3. Nutrient broth 4. Paracetamol 5. Inoculation loob

5. Define the following terms a. Sterilization b. Asepsis c. Disinfection d. Antisepsis e. Bactericidal f. Bacteriostasis

48. Selective media is used to distinguish one microorganism type from another growing on the same media : A. False. B. True.

a) Microbial products can be classified in three major categories which related to the microorganism growth curve. By giving examples of product based on the three major categories, sketch the microbial growth and product formation curves. Describe the phases involves in the growing of microorganism for the products formation. List all references with proper citations.

Which of following statements is TRUE about antiseptics and disinfectants?  A. Disc diffusion works because the disc is soaked in bacteria and is the exposed to antimicrobial.  B. You can tell the characteristics of the zone inhibition whether an organism is cidal or static in its effect. C.The shape of an object being cleaned may influence the effectiveness of germicides  D. Gram  + organisms are more resistant than Gram - organisms  E. A large zone of inhibition shows bactericidal effect

1) Which of the following apply to alcohols?  Mark ALL that apply: - disinfect items that are soaking in it - denature proteins (50-90%) - at 50% and higher disrupt lipid membranes of cells - can be used as an antiseptic wipe - one of the best things to put on a cut or scrape 2)What would you use when you know the causative microbe of the disease in your patient? -A narrow spectrum antimicrobial-A broad spectrum antimicrobial -Neither, you would let the patient heal by themselves -Both broad spectrum and narrow spectrum antimicrobial

Which of the following is NOT a property of an antimicrobial agent? a. Must have a known concentration over a period of time required to eliminate a pathogen b. all choices are correct c. must be selectively toxic d. Must have a favorable chemotherapeutic index

9. Is the eosin methylene blue agar (EMB) a complex or defined medium? Explain based on its composition. Is MSA a A) differential, B) selective, or C) both differential and selective media? Explain based on what kind of microorganisms it allows to grow.

The use of sodium chlorite to inhibit the growth of Shigella in drinking water refers to ? O A. Sterilization OB. Antisepsis O C. Disinfection D. all of the above [a, b & c] E. a & c

How is UV radiation a good type of control mechanism against microbial growth? Please explain what happens to the microbe and effects this control causes.

Microbes that can be grown on agar petri dish include A. Bacteria B. Virus C. Fungi D. Protests E. Helminths.

Microbial secondary metabolites are compounds produced by strains of certain microbial(antimicrobial agent).such as penicillin and cephalosporin. Describe the industrial fermentation process of each of these antibiotics.  1.name of the strain used as inoculum 2.type of fermentation process (batch, fed-batch, continuous) and bioreactor used. 3.media preparation (carbon source, nitrogen source, salts, oxygen requirements) 4.Temperature and pH maintained.