Lab 4 and 5 Mold and Fungi (2)
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Lab 4 Slime Molds, Water Molds and Zygospore Fungi
(Ch. 21 in the textbook will be helpful with this lab)
I. Slime Molds
Read lab manual p. 190-191
Slime Molds
and textbook.
●
What important ecological role do slime molds play in the environment?
Slime molds play the role of being a decomposer and recycling nutrients in an
ecosystem.
●
State 3 reasons why slime molds are no longer considered to be fungi?
-
Cells in Slime Molds have flagella which is dissimilar to actual fungal cells
-
Slime molds consume their food through phagocytosis similar to amoeboids
-
Slime Mold can actually move compared to fungi which are planted.
Phylum Myxomycota-plasmodial slime molds
ex.
Physarum
●
Members of this phylum are commonly called
plasmodial
slime molds. Why?
They are called plasmodial slime molds because they exist as a plasmodium, a
fan-shaped, multinucleated mass of cytoplasm.
●
Describe how plasmodial slime molds move and feed.
Plasmodial slime molds moves along slowly and consumed decaying plant matter as it
does so.
●
Study and know the life cycle of a plasmodial slime mold shown on
fig. 15.15 in the lab manual. Note sexual vs. asexual stages, spore production,
n vs. 2n stages, and flagellated & amoeboid cells.
When is a sporangium produced during the life cycle?
The sporangium is produced when growth is stagnant or unfavorable, typically when
there is a drought.
●
Read and complete lab manual p. 192
Observation: Plasmodial Slime Mold
.
Specimens and photos will be on demo.
II. Water Molds
Phylum Oomycota
ex.
Saprolegnia
●
Describe the appearance of water molds when growing on a fish or insect in the
water.
The appearance of water molds when growing on a fish or insect in water is
cotton strands that come off of the organism.
●
Where do you most often find water molds growing?
Water molds most often grow in warm moist places such as fresh water or moist
soil.
●
Most water molds are saprotrophs
.
What does this mean?
If something is a saprotroph it means that they nourish themselves by eating
decaying matter.
●
Others are parasites living on what type of animals?
Host Animals
●
What type of organism is
Phytophthora infestans
?
Phytophthora infestans
are water molds, and are oomycetes.
●
What impact has it had historically?
Phytophthora infestans
were the cause of the Irish potato famine
●
How are water molds similar to fungi?
Water molds are similar to fungi because they both feed off of dead organic
matter.
How are they different from fungi?
Water molds are different from fungi since they are capable of locomotion.
●
See the water mold
Saprolegnia
pictured in textbook (fig. 21.12) and the living
specimen on demonstration.
➢
Within what
kingdom
do the slime molds and water molds belong?
Kingdom Protista
III. Kingdom Fungi
1. Read lab manual p. 195-196
Introduction to Fungi
●
Highlight, study and know all the bold terms within the reading.
●
What characteristic is most often used to classify fungi?
The characteristics that are most often used to classify fungi includes appearance and
form of reproduction.
2. Learn about
Phylum Zygomycota
by completing the following.
●
Study life cycle of
Rhizopus
(black bread mold) on p. 197 of the lab manual. Be
able to describe the sexual and asexual cycle and label a diagram
.
Is a
zygospore
a sexual or asexual spore?
Sexual:
How do you know?
Only during sexual reproduction a zygospore is produced because the thick black
walls are only produced then.
●
Read & complete lab manual p. 196-198
Zygospore Fungi.
Know all
information given
including
bold terms.
Lab 5 Sac Fungi, Club Fungi, and Lichen
(Ch. 22 in the textbook will be helpful with this lab)
I. Sac Fungi
Phylum Ascomycota
– the sac fungi
ex. yeast,
Peziza
(cup fungus), morel, truffles,
Aspergillus
(brown mold),
Penicillium
(blue-green mold).
●
Read p. 198-199
Sac Fungi
in the lab manual.
●
Why are they commonly called sac fungi?
They are called sac fungi because of the ascus, which is a fingerlike sac that develops
during sexual reproduction.
●
How many ascospores will be created?
Eight ascospores are created following mitosis and meiosis.
●
What is a fruiting body?
A fruiting body is a reproductive structure where spores are produced and released.
●
What important discovery was made by Alexander Fleming in 1928?
The important discovery that was made by Alexander Fleming in 1928 was the
discovery of penicillin. While examining a petri dish, Alexander Fleming observed an
area around Penicillium that was free of bacteria because the mold produced an
antibacterial substance.
●
What is
Candida albicans
?
Candida albicans
is a type of yeast that is normally present on the skin and mucous
membranes of the mouth, vagina, or rectum
A. Yeasts
– unicellular ascomycetes
●
Read lab manual p. 199
Yeasts.
o
How do yeast differ from most fungi?
Most yeast differ from most fungi because they are not made up of
hyphae.
o
What is budding?
Budding is the unequal distribution of cytoplasm during cytokinesis.
●
What commercial products do yeast help produce?
Yeast allows for bread to rise and produce wine and beer through
fermentation.
Now complete #1-#3
Observation: Yeast.
Make a sketch
of living yeast cells. Note they are unicellular.
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