Lab 6 and 7 (1)
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Lab 6 Nonvascular Plants
(Ch. 23 in the textbook will be helpful with this lab)
I. Introduction
●
Read lab manual p. 207
Introduction
.
The evolution of plants is marked by adaptations to life on
land
.
What features are present in those plants that have been the most
successful on land?
Some of the features that are present and most successful on land have very strong
stems or trunks, deep and strong holding roots, and a large surface area of
photosynthetic leaves. They are able to resist drying themselves out, and to use other
animals to help spread their pollen.
What is the importance of having a cuticle?
The importance of having a cuticle is that, because it’s the outermost layer of plants, it
covers and protects leaves, fruits, and plants from extreme temperatures, UV radiation,
and other attacks and injuries.
What protists are thought to be the most closely related to land plants?
The protists that are thought to be the most closely related to land plants are green
algae.
What is a characteristic they share with plants?
They have cellulose in their cell wall, they are photosynthetic, they both have
chlorophyll A and B, and they store energy as starch.
●
Read and complete p. 208
Algal Ancestor of Land Plants
*omit measuring length of one cell
Where can you find
Chara
living?
Chara are usually found living in fresh hard water, and particularly in limestone areas
throughout northern temperate zones.
Study fig. 17.2 p. 209 (picture of
Chara
). Be able to identify
node,
main axis,
and
branch
on a picture and living specimen.
At each node there is a whorl of branches. What other structures grow at the
node?
The male and female reproductive structures grow at these nodes as well as the
whorls of branches.
II. Alternation of Generations
●
Read and complete lab manual p. 209
Alternation of Generations
.
●
What defines the
dominant generation
?
Whichever generation lasts the longest for the plant's life cycle.
●
Complete the following summary associated with alternation of generations.
o
Name the two generations that plants alternate between during their life
cycle?
o
Which generation is 2n?
Gametophyte generation
n?
Sporophyte generation
o
Which generation produces spores?
Sporophyte
o
gametes?
Gametophyte
o
What type of cell division will always create spores?
M
eiosis
o
What type of cell division will always create gametes?
Mitosis
Finish the following diagram of alternation of generations by
adding the
missing words and arrows.
Diploid(2n)
Haploid (n)
III. Nonvascular Plants – the bryophytes
*Phylum Bryophyta= mosses Phylum Hepatophyta= liverworts
●
Read and complete p. 210-211
Nonvascular Plants
.
Study fig. 17.4 and know the moss life cycle.
What is the dominant generation of all bryophytes?
The dominant generation of all bryophytes is the Gametophyte
Upon what is the sporophyte dependent?
The sporophyte is dependent on the reproduction of gametophytes to move to the next
generation, sporophyte.
Why is water necessary to complete reproduction?
The sperm swims to the egg in water
●
Read and complete p. 211-212
Observation: Moss Gametophyte
and Observation: Moss Sporophyte.
●
Read the textbook section
Mosses
.
o
What are the ecological values of moss?
Historically it was used as wound dressing on battlefields
o
What is the commercial value of peat moss?
Their cell walls' ability to absorb water is used to improve the water-holding capacity of
the soil
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Summary Quiz #11
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Guide question:
1. Fill in table 1.
Table 1. Distinctive traits of major plant phyla
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Bryophyta
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Vascular or
nonvascular
Dispersal to
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(spore or seed)
Type of
gametophyte
(unisexual or.
bisexual)
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sperm
Sporangium in
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Type of spores
homosporous or
heterosporous
Monilophyta
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