Lab 6 and 7 (1)

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Argosy University *

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Biology

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Apr 3, 2024

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Lab 6 Nonvascular Plants (Ch. 23 in the textbook will be helpful with this lab) I. Introduction Read lab manual p. 207 Introduction . The evolution of plants is marked by adaptations to life on land . What features are present in those plants that have been the most successful on land? Some of the features that are present and most successful on land have very strong stems or trunks, deep and strong holding roots, and a large surface area of photosynthetic leaves. They are able to resist drying themselves out, and to use other animals to help spread their pollen. What is the importance of having a cuticle? The importance of having a cuticle is that, because it’s the outermost layer of plants, it covers and protects leaves, fruits, and plants from extreme temperatures, UV radiation, and other attacks and injuries. What protists are thought to be the most closely related to land plants? The protists that are thought to be the most closely related to land plants are green algae. What is a characteristic they share with plants? They have cellulose in their cell wall, they are photosynthetic, they both have chlorophyll A and B, and they store energy as starch. Read and complete p. 208 Algal Ancestor of Land Plants *omit measuring length of one cell Where can you find Chara living? Chara are usually found living in fresh hard water, and particularly in limestone areas throughout northern temperate zones.
Study fig. 17.2 p. 209 (picture of Chara ). Be able to identify node, main axis, and branch on a picture and living specimen. At each node there is a whorl of branches. What other structures grow at the node? The male and female reproductive structures grow at these nodes as well as the whorls of branches. II. Alternation of Generations Read and complete lab manual p. 209 Alternation of Generations . What defines the dominant generation ? Whichever generation lasts the longest for the plant's life cycle. Complete the following summary associated with alternation of generations. o Name the two generations that plants alternate between during their life cycle? o Which generation is 2n? Gametophyte generation n? Sporophyte generation o Which generation produces spores? Sporophyte o gametes? Gametophyte o What type of cell division will always create spores? M eiosis o What type of cell division will always create gametes? Mitosis Finish the following diagram of alternation of generations by adding the missing words and arrows. Diploid(2n)
Haploid (n) III. Nonvascular Plants – the bryophytes *Phylum Bryophyta= mosses Phylum Hepatophyta= liverworts Read and complete p. 210-211 Nonvascular Plants . Study fig. 17.4 and know the moss life cycle. What is the dominant generation of all bryophytes? The dominant generation of all bryophytes is the Gametophyte Upon what is the sporophyte dependent? The sporophyte is dependent on the reproduction of gametophytes to move to the next generation, sporophyte. Why is water necessary to complete reproduction? The sperm swims to the egg in water Read and complete p. 211-212 Observation: Moss Gametophyte and Observation: Moss Sporophyte. Read the textbook section Mosses . o What are the ecological values of moss? Historically it was used as wound dressing on battlefields o What is the commercial value of peat moss? Their cell walls' ability to absorb water is used to improve the water-holding capacity of the soil
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