ObservationSciMeth(oncampus)(1)

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University of North Dakota *

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Biology

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by DeaconBravery12092

Observation and Scientific Method (on campus) Copyright © 2023 by Jeff Carmichael, Ph.D. University of North Dakota Name: (if instructed by your lab TA to submit as a team, then include names of all team members WHO WERE PRESENT AND CONTRIBUTED TO THE LAB ACTIVITY) If you were instructed to submit as a team, place an “X” on the red line to indicate that this submission is the one that should be graded (only one student per team should place an “X” here): X 1. ? What triggers leaves to change colors in the fall? If the temperature gets colder, then the leaves will change color. 2. ? How do bats locate their prey when flying in the dark at night? Bats use echolocation to help locate their prey when flying in the dark at night. 3. ? How is water transported through trees that can be over 100 feet tall? Water is transported through little systems of ‘tunnels’ throughout the tree to disperse the water from the roots. 4. ? Why is it necessary to divide the plants into control and experimental groups? To make sure that there are no outstanding variables as well as to compare the groups. 5. ? Why is it important to keep all conditions the same in both groups except the fertilizer? To make sure that is the only thing that changes so that there are no outstanding variables. 1

6. ? Do these results support or refute your hypothesis? Explain. Yes, because all of the averages of the heights of the plants with fertilizer are taller than the averages of the heights of the plants without fertilizer. 7. ? What P value is reported? Is the difference between the two means significantly different? p = 000000197. If you are using an alpha of .05 the two means are significantly different. 8. ? Based on your t -test, do you still conclude that fertilizer caused a significant increase in plant height? Explain. Note that if you were communicating results of your experiment with others, you could use a t -test (or some other statistical test) to incorporate explicit criteria that were used to test whether or not the means of two groups are different (you wouldn’t have to rely on your subjective opinion). Yes, there is not a significant difference between the averages in height of the fertilized and non-fertilized plants. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Control Experimental Height (cm) 9. ? What problems do you notice with the above graph? There’s no label on the x-axis, there’s no title on the graph, the x-axis should have smaller intervals. 2

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 0 10 20 30 40 50 Average Height of Plants Treated With (experimental) and Without (control) fertilizer Week Height 10. ? What problems do you notice with the above graph? There’s no units on height, there’s no key. What impact does chewing gum have on memory? Think about the question above and write your hypothesis below. 11. ? Hypothesis: If you chew gum while studying, then you will have an easier time remembering what you studied if you are choosing the same flavor of gum. Use this page to record words that your partner mentions (e.g., that they think they recall). Go back later and compare this list with the actual word list to see how many words they remembered correctly. Do this with, and without, chewing gum. Be sure to add the “correct number of words recalled” to the board for class data. 7 Sad Sap Rit Rat Mat Fat Fit Mitt 11 Pin Pig Pit Job Hog 3

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