BIO250L LAB 1

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School

Grand Canyon University *

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250L

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Biology

Date

Jan 9, 2024

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docx

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“ Lab 1 Introduction to Science BIO250L ” Student Name: MA ERICKA RENEE SAUVE Access Code (located on the lid of your lab kit): UAWQHC Lab Report Format Expectations Utilize college level grammar and professional formatting when completing this worksheet. Submissions without proper formatting, all required photos or sufficient responses will be rejected. Pre-lab Questions 1. In this course, you will utilize several types of growth media to observe the nature of microorganisms. How can you protect yourself from any microorganisms that you may work with in the upcoming labs? We can protect ourselves by using personal protective equipment and following the required SOPs. 2. What constitutes personal protective equipment? When should personal protective equipment be worn? Personal protective equipment includes safety goggles, gloves, lab coats, and shoe covers. It is used when conducting experiments. 3. What is meant by “BioSafety Levels”? Why do researchers utilize these when working with microorganisms? What level of biological containment (which BSL) will be necessary to complete the experiments in this course? Biosafety Levels (BSL) are a set of protection and safety measures implemented in laboratories to handle pathogens and biological materials safely, based on their potential risk to humans and the environment. These levels range from L-1 to L-4, with each level corresponding to an increased level of containment and safety measures. For this experiment, L-2 will be sufficient. 4. What document should you refer to if you have questions regarding the safety or disposal of a chemical? Where can this document be located? I always refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for questions regarding chemical safety and disposal. I can find it at www.esciencelabs.com.

“ Lab 1 Introduction to Science BIO250L ” “ EXERCISE 1: DATA INTERPRETATION 1. What is the overall goal of this exercise? What learning outcomes is it trying to convey to you as a science student? The ultimate objective is to observe and derive any hypotheses from the conducted experiment. 2. What patterns do you observe based on the information in Table 4? Table 4 suggests that microorganisms tend to decrease at the extremes of pH levels, but they increase when the pH is neutralized to 7. 3. Describe the hypothesis the researcher may have used in the experiment that provided the data in Table 4. Format your response as an IF/THEN statement that describes what you will do, and the outcome you expect to see. When the pH of the environment becomes neutral (pH 7), the population of microorganisms tends to increase. 4. Describe a possible experimental setup that could have provided the data in Table 4. Microbial cultures were established, and their populations were recorded at varying pH levels. 5. For the experiment you described above, what would be the independent and dependent variables? pH is the independent variable. 6. What experimental control variables would need to be in place to ensure the proper execution of the experiment you described? Neutral pH is the experimental control. 7. Why is it important to have those controls in place? How would a lack of those controls affect any results or conclusions you may make about the observed data? With the lack of control, we can't compare results and hence we can't make a hypothesis. 8. What type of graph would be appropriate for this data set? Why? Using a line graph would be appropriate to depict the increase and decrease of microbial population at different pH levels.

“ Lab 1 Introduction to Science BIO250L ” 9. Graph the data from Table 4. Include your name and access code handwritten on your graph. 10. What conclusions can you draw from the data from this experiment? Microbes tend to die at both extreme pH levels; their ideal pH for growth is 7 as shown on the graph. EXERCISE 2: TESTABLE OBSERVATIONS 1. In this exercise, you will be provided several statements and then be asked to identify and discuss possible experimental factors that could be used to test them. For each of these statements, you will be asked to discuss a pertinent hypothesis and null hypothesis. What is a null hypothesis? Why is it crucial to the scientific method? A null hypothesis is a statement that states there is no effect or difference between two corresponding groups of an experiment. It is crucial as it provides a standard for statistical testing. 2. Fresh-baked bread develops mold more quickly than bread bought from the store.

“ Lab 1 Introduction to Science BIO250L ” a. Observation is Quantitative b. Hypothesis: Freshly baked bread will develop molds quickly because they don't have added preservatives. c. Null hypothesis: Both freshly baked bread and store-bought bread will develop mold at the same rate. d. Experimental approach: A slice from both pieces of bread will be exposed to air to observe which develops mold quickly. e. Independent variable: Time taken. f. Dependent variable: Preservatives added. g. Experimental Controls: Cheese. h. Data collection method: Through photography i. Data presentation: Photos taken before and after mold development, with dates on each. j. Data analysis: Photos taken at different times for both breads will be analyzed 3. Sally comes to work sick; two days later, three of her coworkers are also sick. a. Observation is . Quantitative b. Hypothesis: If a healthy person comes in contact with a sick person, there is a higher chance of the healthy person becoming ill.

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