task 1_C652

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Please complete Task #2

Task #2 Flow of information: A codon table is provided above. The 5' codon nucleotide is in the left column, and second codon nucleotide is on top. The Mcr1 M and m allele sequences are shown again in the central dogma grids below with the reading frame designated. Fill in the grids. In the second column indicate the end polarity (5' or 3', N or C). For both alleles, determine the sequences of the DNA template strand, mRNA, tRNA and polypeptide. Mc1r gene M allele: DNA sense strand DNA template strand mRNA codon tRNA anticodon polypeptide Mc1r gene m allele: DNA sense strand DNA template strand mRNA codon tRNA anticodon polypeptide 5' A A A A 5' A A A A A A Q C C G C A T G C A C A A C

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Lesson 2 Focus Questions 1. What chemicals and molecules are needed for PCR, and what is the function of each component? 2. Examine the 150 base promoter sequence below. Kaylee Kauff 5'TAGAAAAGGA AGGTGGCTCC TACAAATGCC ATCATTGCGA TAAAGGAAAG GTATCATTC AAGATGCCTC TGCCGACAGT GGTCCCAAAG ATGGACCCCC ACCCACGAGG AGC ATCGTGG AAAAAGAAGA CGTTCCAACC ACGTCTTCAA3' Write in the sequence of the complementary strand and mark the 3' and 5' ends of the complementary strand. 43

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problem79

Question: Genetically modified animal that might be approved for human consumption is a super “muscly” pig made by the inactivation of the myostatin gene. During normal development, the myostatin protein prevents the overgrowth of muscles. How would such a pig be achieved using CRISPR?     Why would it not considered the GMO?

Problem 3: Proteins that bend DNA Integration Host Factor, IHF, is an architectural protein in E. coli that helps to package the DNA inside the cell as well as to organize the DNA for higher-order nucleoprotein complexes. IHF can bend some DNA segments are 35 base-pairs long into a U-turn as shown in the figure to the right. The Young's modulus of DNA is 300 MPa, and its cross-sectional radius is 1 nm. Model DNA as a cylindrical rod. A. What is the bending coefficient of DNA in units of J. m? B. How long is a 35 base-pair long segment of DNA? (Express your answer in nm given that the separation between base pairs in double-stranded DNA is 0.34 nm.) C. By what angle (in radians) is the DNA bent in the IHF-bound complex? D. Determine the radius of curvature (in nm) for the bent DNA in this IHF-bound complex.

Task #1 Mc1r alleles: In Florida Gulf coast mice, there are two different alleles of the Melanocortin Receptor (Mcr1) gene. The sequence for both alleles is shown below. This is an internal segment of the coding (non-template) sequence of the Mcr1 gene. The reading frame is set and you do not need to find an AUG. M allele 5’...ATC ACC AAA AAC CGC AAC CTG CAC TCG... m allele 5’...ATC ACC AAA AAC TGC AAC CTG CAC TCG... A. Compare these two allele sequences and circle the nucleotides that are different. B. Do you think this change will cause a shift in the codon reading frame? Why or why not? C. Do you think that this change will cause an early stop in translation? Why or why not? Task #2 Flow of information: A codon table is provided above. The 5’ codon nucleotide is in the left column, and second codon nucleotide is on top. The Mcr1 M and m allele sequences are shown again in the central dogma grids below with the reading frame designated. Fill in the grids. In the second column…

problem18

Practice Problem 1: The coding sequences of Gene F and Gene G are shown by the double-stranded DNA below: Gene F 5' ATGGGAGCACCAGG ACAAGATGGATATCATTAG 3 AGTTA C CCTCGTGGT CCTGTTCTACCTATAGTA 5' 3' Gene G Questions: 1. Write down the messenger RNA sequence when Gene F is transcribed. 2. Write down the polypeptide chain when Gene F is completely expressed. 3. Write down the messenger RNA sequence when Gene G is transcribed. 4. Write down the polypeptide chain when Gene G is completely expressed.

Task #1 Mc1r alleles: In Florida Gulf coast mice, there are two different alleles of the Melanocortin Receptor (Mcr1) gene. The sequence for both alleles is shown below. This is an internal segment of the coding (non-template) sequence of the Mcr1 gene. The reading frame is set and you do not need to find an AUG. M allele m allele 5'...ATC ACC AAA AAC CGC AAC CTG CAC TCG... 5'...ATC ACC AAA AAC TGC AAC CTG CAC TCG... A. Compare these two allele sequences and circle the nucleotides that are different. B. Do you think this change will cause mRNA Codon Table Second base a shift in the codon reading frame? Why or why not? C. Do you think that this change will cause an early stop in translation? Why or why not? First base U U Phe Phe Leu Leu C Leu Leu Leu Leu A lle lle lle Met G Val Val Val Val C Ser Ser Ser Ser Pro A G Cys Tyr Cys STOP Trp STOP STOP A His Arg Pro His Pro Gin Pro Gin Thr Asn Thr Asn Thr Lys Thr Lys Ala Ala Ala Ala Arg Arg Arg Ser Ser Arg Arg Gly Asp Asp Glu Gly Glu Gly…

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L

problem set 1 #25. What is Cot analysis? Do the Cot renaturation curves for a virus, bacterium, and yeast all roughly correspond to the size of their genomes?

Task 1. Your graduate advisor asks you to amplify the following sequence of DNA by PCR: 5’-ATACGCATTCGGACCAGGTCCTAA-3’ 3’-TATGCGTAAGCCTGGTCCAGGATT-5’ a. To ensure that the entire sequence above is amplified, what 6-nucleotide DNA primers should you add to your PCR mix?   You order the primers listed above, but instead receive the following set of primers: 5’-CGCATT-3’ 5’-GGACCT-3’ b. What portion of the double stranded DNA molecule will be amplified after 10 rounds of PCR?   Your labmate attempts to rescue your PCR reaction by providing you with the following set of primers: 5’-ATACGC-3’ 5’-TCCTAA-3’ c. What is the result of running the PCR reaction with your labmate’s primers? How many double stranded molecules of DNA will result from 10 rounds of amplification?

ACTIVITY 3: Analyze Me! Direction: Draw a smiling face (O) if the statement is an importance of genetic engineering and (O if not. 1. Genetic engineering has been used to mass-produce insulin. 2. Genes and other genetic information from a wide range of organisms are transformed into bacteria for storage and modification, creating genetically modified bacteria in the process. 3. Some genetically engineered animals become an important source of new drugs. 4. Many genetically engineered crops are being used by many farmers now. 5. Genetic engineering is used to produce more needed genetically engineered medicines.

Question (1)-Describe the three different methods of horizontal gene transfer among bacteria and mention their significance. Be specific when discussing the donor versus recipient cell, and if the donor and recipient cells are still alive after each horizontal gene transfer event is complete. *Please go into detail if possible on what the donor and recipient cells if they are still alive also after each gene transfer. I have a test coming up that I’m trying to learn all I can about this. Thank you so much!*

Instructions: Read 13-2 Manipulating DNA pages 322-323. As you read each section, examine the figures and captions (explanations). Identify any questions you may have. 1) Develop an analogy for the processes researchers use to make changes to DNA. In yo analogy, explain how it is similar to the techniques used in genetic engineering. You can draw a graphic organizer, make a table, or write a few sentences describing your analogy. 2) Devise flowchart that shows the steps to prepare DNA for gel electrophoresis, as well the protocol for setting up and running a gel. You can add diagrams to the flowchart an add detailed notes if you like. English (inited Sate) O Focs ere to search 4 CO RU G\ L B. 2N A\ Alt Ciri

Task 3: Agarose Gel Electrophoresis Your amplicon from PCR was subjected to AGE for analysis. You are shown the image of the gel loaded with the following lanes: (A) negative control, (B) size ladder (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 10 kb), (C) gDNA extract, (D) PCR amplicon. However, due to mishaps while loading the gel with the samples, you are not sure which lane is which. You are shown a diagram of the obtained gel below.   a. b. Label each lane of the gel. Write only the corresponding letters in the wells above. Above each band in the size ladder, write its size (in kb). c.corresponding to the gene. Approximate the size (in kb) of the polystyrenase gene. Write your answer above the band Bonus: If you wish to identify the bacterial species in this scenario, what gene is most commonly and routinely sequenced?Answer: __________________________________

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Task A: Polymerase Chain Reaction Master Mix Your first task is to isolate and amplify the NRAS gene from cDNA extracted from different samples through PCR. You will need to run a total of 7 PCRs: 3 normal samples, 3 cancerous samples, and 1 negative control. To make things easier in the lab, when running multiple reactions, the components are prepared not individually, but as a master mix—all the components for multiple reactions are prepared in bulk, except for the template DNA, which is added separately once the master mix has been distributed into individual tubes. The table below lists the different components for PCR, the available stock concentrations of these components, and the needed working concentrations for the PCR itself. Complete the table by supplying the needed volumes of each component for a single reaction and for the master mix (the first row has been filled in as an example).

Practice Question 8 - Below are two cell signalling pathways that work together to regulate cell growth, proliferation and ultimately the size of organs in O.Extremus. In other closely related organisms, dysfunction of these pathways has been associated with tumor growth. mTOR pathway: 1. Growth factors bind and stimulate the receptors. crosstalk Hippo Pathway 2. Receptors can activate the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) – Akt signaling pathway. MTOR Pathway - 3. The activated Akt, a serine threonine kinase, inhibits theTSC1–TSC2 complex, allowing Rheb to activate mTORC1. Mst РІЗК PTEN Lats АКТ 4. In parallel, amino acids activate the mTORC1 pathway through a mechanism requiring the Rag- ator con miR-29 YAP TSC2-TSC1 lex. amino acids Rag-Ragulator Hippo pathway: 1. The binding of the ligand activates the receptors which activate Mst and Lats. Rheb cell division MTORC1 organ size 2. YAP activity is modulated by phosphorylation of Mst and Lats. YAP upregulates miR-29, which in turn…

Practice Question 8 - Below are two cell signalling pathways that work together to regulate cell growth, proliferation and ultimately the size of organs in O.Extremus. In other closely related organisms, dysfunction of these pathways has been associated with tumor growth. mTOR pathway: 1. Growth factors bind and stimulate the receptors. crosstalk Hippo Pathway 2. Receptors can activate the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) – Akt signaling pathway. MTOR Pathway 3. The activated Akt, a serine threonine kinase, inhibits the TSC1-TSC2 complex, allowing Rheb to activate mTORC1. Mst PI3K PTEN Lats AKT 4. In parallel, amino acids activate the mTORC1 pathway through a mechanism requiring the Rag- Ragulator complex. (miR-29 YAP TSC2-TSC1 amino acids Rag-Ragulator Hippo pathway: 1. The binding of the ligand activates the receptors which activate Mst and Lats. Rheb cell division MTORC1 organ size 2. YAP activity is modulated by phosphorylation of Mst and Lats. YAP upregulates miR-29, which in…

Practice Question 8 - Below are two cell signalling pathways that work together to regulate cell growth, proliferation and ultimately the size of organs in O.Extremus. In other closely related organisms, dysfunction of these pathways has been associated with tumor growth. MTOR pathway: 1. Growth factors bind and stimulate the receptors. crosstalk Hippo Pathway 2. Receptors can activate the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) – Akt signaling pathway. MTOR Pathway 3. The activated Akt, a serine threonine kinase, inhibits theTSC1-TSC2 complex, allowing Rheb to activate mTORC1. Mst РІЗК PTEN T Lats АКТ 4. In parallel, amino acids activate the mTORC1 pathway through a mechanism requiring the Rag- Ragulator complex. (miR-29 YAP TSC2-TSC1 amino acids Rag-Ragulator Hippo pathway: 1. The binding of the ligand activates the receptors which activate Mst and Lats. Rheb cell division MTORC1 organ size 2. YAP activity is modulated by phosphorylation of Mst and Lats. YAP upregulates miR-29, which in…

Practice Question 8 - Below are two cell signalling pathways that work together to regulate cell growth, proliferation and ultimately the size of organs in O.Extremus. In other closely related organisms, dysfunction of these pathways has been associated with tumor growth. MTOR pathway: 1. Growth factors bind and stimulate the receptors. crosstalk Hippo Pathway 2. Receptors can activate the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) – Akt signaling pathway. MTOR Pathway 3. The activated Akt, a serine threonine kinase, inhibits theTSC1-TSC2 complex, allowing Rheb to activate mTORC1. Mst РІЗК PTEN Lats АКТ 4. In parallel, amino acids activate the mTORC1 pathway through a mechanism requiring the Rag- Ragulator complex. miR-29 YAP TSC2-TSC1 amino acids Hippo pathway: 1. The binding of the ligand activates the receptors which activate Mst and Lats. Rheb Rag-Ragulator cell division MTORC1 organ size 2. YAP activity is modulated by phosphorylation of Mst and Lats. YAP upregulates miR-29, which in…