PathoPharmo CPE

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Western Governors University *

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025

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Biology

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Jan 9, 2024

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CPE Evidence Phase 1 Thursday, July 27, 2023 9:23 PM 1a. CPE schedule table of tasks and timelines developed for this experience Phase One Tasks Estimated Time Date Completed CPE Schedule Table 0.5hr 07/30 Feedback and Synthesis Improvement Plan 2hr 08/09 GOReact Video and 2 Responses 1.5 Hours 08/29 Phase Two Tasks Estimated Time Date Completed Feedback and Synthesis Improvement Plan 0.5hr 08/14 GOReact Video and 2 Responses 1hr 08/29 Phase Three Tasks Estimated Time Date Completed Feedback and Synthesis Improvement Plan 0.5hr 08/26 Feedback and Synthesis Improvement Treatment Plan 0.5hr 08/27 GOReact Video and 2 Responses 0.5hr 08/29 1b. Feedback and Synthesis Improvement Plan Original

"Alzheimer's is the most common cause of dementia, a general term for memory loss and other cognitive abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life" (Alzheimer's Association, n.d). While the exact cause of Alzheimer's is still unknown, risk factors and predispositions are widely contributed to its diagnosis. There is no current medicine or procedure to cure Alzheimer, however, there is a course of medication to help slow the progression down. A family history of this disease is one of the biggest risk factors. Having parents or grandparents with this disease can pose a possible indicator for developing this disease. The other risk factors include diet, comorbidities like diabetes, smoking, lack of exercise, and cognitive inactivity (Li et al, 2023). Possible pathogenic mechanisms linked to aberrant protein palmitoylation mediated by ZDHHC21 mutations. (Li et al, 2023). "Protein palmitoylation is a widespread lipid modification in which one or more cysteine thiols on a substrate protein are modified to form a thioester with a palmitoyl group" (Guan & Fierke, 2011). Discovering this possible gene mutation link can lead to the prevention or management of early stages. Early stages of Alzheimer's start as memory deficits and forgetfulness. Memory loss progresses to disorientation, lack of judgment mood alterations, and eventually motor function loss. The only way to definitively diagnose is through autopsy. The drastic changes of Alzheimer's are associated with unhealthy changes in the brain like improperly shaped proteins outside brain cells, affecting communication between different brain cells. This physiological change affects nutrient absorption within the brain cells causing

insufficient energy production. Cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate are used in moderate to severe cases to help slow the progression. (Li et al, 2023). References Alzheimer's Association (n.d). What is Alzheimer’s Disease? https://www.alz.org/alzheimersdementia/what-is-alzheimers Guan, X., & Fierke, C. A. (2011). Understanding Protein Palmitoylation: Biological Significance and Enzymology. Science China. Chemistry, 54(12), 1888–1897. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-011-4428-2. Li, W., Pang, Y., Wang, Y., Mei, F., Guo, M., Wei, Y., Li, X., Qin, W., Wang, W., Jia, L., & Jia, J. (2023). Aberrant palmitoylation caused by a ZDHHC21 mutation contributes to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. BMC Medicine, 21(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-023-02930-7 Feedback Need to change • Rearrange information for more cohesive and streamlined information • Need smoother transitions between paragraphs Positive feedback • Credited sources • Topics from simple to complex • Clear explanation of what Alzheimer’s is.

Revised after feedback "Alzheimer's is the most common cause of dementia, a general term for memory loss and other cognitive abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life" (Alzheimer's Association, n.d). While the exact cause of Alzheimer's is still unknown, risk factors and predispositions are widely contributed to its diagnosis. There is no current medicine or procedure to cure Alzheimer, however, there is a course of medication to help slow the progression down. The development of Alzheimer's is influenced by a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. A family history of this disease is one of the biggest risk factors. Having parents or grandparents with this disease can pose a possible indicator for developing this disease. The other risk factors include diet, comorbidities like diabetes, smoking, lack of exercise, and cognitive inactivity (Li et al, 2023). Possible pathogenic mechanisms linked to aberrant protein palmitoylation mediated by ZDHHC21 mutations. (Li et al, 2023). "Protein palmitoylation is a widespread lipid modification in which one or more cysteine thiols on a substrate protein are modified to form a thioester with a palmitoyl group" (Guan & Fierke, 2011). While research is ongoing into the biological causes, the symptoms of Alzheimer's are more evident. Early stages of Alzheimer's start as memory deficits and forgetfulness. Memory loss progresses to disorientation, lack of judgment mood alterations, and eventually motor function loss. The only way to definitively diagnose is through autopsy. The drastic changes of Alzheimer's are associated with unhealthy changes in the brain like improperly shaped proteins outside brain cells, affecting communication between different

brain cells. This physiological change affects nutrient absorption within the brain cells causing insufficient energy production. Cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate are used in moderate to severe cases to help slow the progression (Li et al, 2023). References Alzheimer's Association (n.d). What is Alzheimer’s Disease? https://www.alz.org/alzheimersdementia/what-is-alzheimers Guan, X., & Fierke, C. A. (2011). Understanding Protein Palmitoylation: Biological Significance and Enzymology. Science China. Chemistry, 54(12), 1888–1897. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-011-4428-2. Li, W., Pang, Y., Wang, Y., Mei, F., Guo, M., Wei, Y., Li, X., Qin, W., Wang, W., Jia, L., & Jia, J. (2023). Aberrant palmitoylation caused by a ZDHHC21 mutation contributes to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. BMC Medicine, 21(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-023-02930-7

1c.

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