The Effect of Temperature on an Enzyme Catalyzed Reaction - Student Handout
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General Biology, BIO 123
Investigating the action of Horseradish Peroxidase – Week #2
During week #2, we will be investigating the effect of varying temperatures on the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
Investigating the Effect of Enzyme Concentration on an Enzyme-Catalyzed Reaction
Experimental protocol
Materials list
Enzyme extract prepared during session #1 10 mM H
2
O
2 hydrogen peroxide solution
25 mM Guaiacol solution
Citrate Phosphate buffer, pH 5
(2) 100 ml beakers
Test tube rack
(9) clean test tubes
Green pipette pump (for use with 5 - 10 mL pipettes)
5 mL pipettes
Blue pipette pump (for use with 1 mL pipettes)
1 mL pipettes
Spectrophotometer
(5) clean cuvettes for spectrophotometer
(1) cuvette rack
(1) box of kimwipes to clean outside of cuvettes
100 mL graduated cylinder
Masking tape (use to label test tubes)
Marker Metric ruler Timer Step 1: Determining the Dilution of Enzyme to be Used
For this experiment, we will be testing the effects of different temperatures on the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction. As such, during this experiment you need to chose one enzyme dilution to study. To do this, you will review your graph generated by the data you gathered during the first lab session. You should select the enzyme extract dilution from the previous experiment that resulted in an increase in absorbance over the entire 120-
second time period. You want to select the line that illustrates a large increase, but does not ‘max out’ to infinity early in the time period. Once you have determined which dilution you want to use, please review your choice with your instructor for confirmation. Once your choice is confirmed, fill in the volume of enzyme extract and buffer that you will be using for test tubes # 3, 5, 7 and 9 in Table #3. Step 2: Setting up the Experiment
The exposure temperatures to be used in this study will be that of a cooler of ice at approximately 5
o
C, room temperature at approximately 20 – 24 o
C, as well as 34
o
C and a 60
o
C water baths. Since the temperature of the ice and room temperature may vary, you must confirm and fill in the actual temperatures in Table #3.
Protocol:
1.
Using masking tape, label your other 100 mL beaker “citrate phosphate buffer pH 5
”
2.
Using a graduated cylinder, add 25 mL room temperature citrate-phosphate buffer pH 5
to the beaker
3.
Obtain (9) clean test tubes. 4.
Using masking tape, label the test tubes 1 – 9.
5.
Before you begin filling the test tubes, review Table #3. Note the following information:
a.
What is going in to test tube #1? Note the color of the solution.
b.
What is going in to test tubes 2,4,6, and 8? Note the color of the solution
c.
What is going in to test tubes 3,5,7, and 9? Note the color of the solution
d.
What is the total volume of test tube #1?
e.
What is the total volume of test tubes 2,4,6, and 8?
f.
What is the total volume of test tubes 3,5,7, and 9?
6.
When you are setting up the test tubes for the experiment, it is very important that you do not mix or cross contaminate the contents of the test tubes. 7.
The solutions containing guaiacol and H
2
O
2
will be stored in separate bottles that have dispensers (called
dispensettes) on them. You will use the dispensettes to deliver the specified volumes to specific test tubes as indicated in table #3.
a.
The bottle containing guaiacol will be set to deliver 1.0 mL. b.
The bottle containing H
2
O
2
will be set to deliver 2.0 mL. 8.
You will use pi-pumps and disposable pipettes to deliver the specified volumes of citrate phosphate buffer pH 5 to the specific test tubes as indicated in table #3.
9.
Once you have set up all of your test tubes, show them to your instructor. You are now ready to move on
to the next part of the experiment.
Table #3
The Effect of Various Temperatures on an Enzyme-Catalyzed Reaction: Test tube contents
Test tube
number
Incubation
Temperature
Citrate-
phosphate
buffer, pH 5
(mL)
10 mM
H
2
O
2
(mL)
Enzyme
extract (mL)
25 mM
Guaiacol (mL)
1
Blank
5.0
2.0
0
1.0
2
Ice _____
o
C
0
2.0
0
1.0
3
Ice _____
o
C
0
0
4
Room temp
_____
o
C
0
2.0
0
1.0
5
Room temp
_____
o
C
0
0
6
34 o
C
0
2.0
0
1.0
7
34 o
C
0
0
8
60 o
C
0
2.0
0
1.0
9
60 o
C
0
0
Couplet #4
Test tubes # 8 & 9
Couplet #3
Test tubes # 6 & 7
Couplet #2
Test tubes # 4 & 5
Couplet #1
Test tubes # 2 & 3
Step 3: Incubating Samples in Varying Temperatures 1.
Place the two tubes prepared for a specific temperature
at that temperature for 10 minutes. DO NOT MIX THE TUBES YET. a.
Important Note: After the incubation period, do not take all of your samples out of the various temperatures at the same time because by the time you take the readings for one set, all of the other samples will not be at the correct temperature anymore. Due to this, do only one couplet at a time
. 2.
During the incubation period, use Tube # 1 to calibrate your spectrophotometer.
3.
When the incubation period (at least 10 minutes) has elapsed for each couplet, quickly bring them over to your spectrophotometer and begin taking readings. Mix the contents of the two test tubes together (time zero) and transfer them quickly to a cuvette. Read and record the absorbance at 500 nm wavelength in Table #4.
4.
Continue to record absorbance at 20 sec intervals for a total of 120 secs.
Table #4
Absorbance readings: The effect of varying temperature on an enzyme catalyzed reaction
Incubation
Temperature
0 sec
20 sec
40 sec
60 sec
80 sec
100 sec
120 sec
Ice _____
o
C
Room temp
_____
o
C
34 o
C
60 o
C
Step 4: Generating the data and Experimental Design
For this experiment, you will be using a spectrophotometer
to accurately measure the final color of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Remember, you will start out with colorless solutions. For the experimental portion,
you will be mixing substrates with varying concentrations of the HRP enzyme. To measure enzyme activity, the spectrophotometer will allow us to accurately detect the absorbance of each solution. The spectrophotometer will expose each sample to specific wavelengths of visible light and will detect and measure how much of the wavelength is absorbed by the solution.
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EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE
What chemical reaction is being catalyzed in this experiment? Label the substrate(s), enzyme and product(s).
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Enzyme Kinetics and Inhibition, Part 2
Suppose that you have isolated the enzyme sucrase (able to hydrolyze sucrose into glucose and
fructose), and you wish to determine the nature of inhibitor B for this enzyme. You have
prepared five different concentrations of substrate (sucrose), and five different concentrations of
inhibitor B (plus the control, with zero mM of inhibitor B). The following Table lists the
inhibitor B concentrations [I], substrate concentrations [S], and resulting enzyme velocities (Vo)
for all six of these experiments:
中
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Headings
Pages
[S]
[I]
O mM
0 mM
O mM
O mM
O mM
0.1 mM
Vo
0.333333333333 mM per minute
1/[S]
1/ Vo
Create an interactive
0.1 mM
outline of your
0.2 mM
0.50
document.
0.3 mM
0.60
0.4 mM
0.666666666667
0.5 mM
0.714285714286
It's a great…
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prepared five different concentrations of substrate (sucrose), and five different concentrations of
inhibitor C (plus the control, with zero mM of inhibitor C). The following Table lists the
inhibitor C concentrations [I], substrate concentrations [S], and resulting enzyme velocities (V.)
for all six of these experiments:
[I]
O mM
O mM
O mM
O mM
O mM
[S]
Vo
1/[S]
1/ Vo
0.1 mM
0.333333333333 mM per minute
0.2 mM
0.50
0.3 mM
0.60
0.4 mM
0.666666666667
0.5 mM
0.714285714286
0.1 mM
0.1 mM
0.166666666667
0.1 mM
0.2 mM
0.25
0.1 mM
0.3 mM
0.30
0.1 mM
0.4 mM
0.333333333333
0.1 mM
0.5 mM
0.357142857143
0.20 mM
0.1 mM
0.111111111111
0.20 mM
0.2 mM
0.166666666667
0.20 mM
0.3 mM
0.20
0.20 mM
0.4 mM
0.222222222222
0.20 mM
0.5 mM
0.238095238095
0.3 mM
0.1 mM
0.083333333333
0.3 mM
0.2 mM
0.125
0.3 mM
0.3 mM…
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Select true if the statement is CORRECT and false if OTHERWISE
1. Enzymes are catalysts and increase the speed of a chemical reaction without themselves undergoing any permanent chemical change.
2. Catalysis is defined as the acceleration of a chemical reaction
3. if the amount of the enzyme is kept constant and the substrate concentration is then gradually increased, the reaction velocity will decrease.
4. In the Induced-fit Model, if a dissimilar substance which does not fit the site is present, the enzyme rejects it
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ACTIVITY 5.1.3
List the systematic classification of enzymes according to the
Enzyme Commission indicating the class, subclass and sub-
sub-class and give the description of each reaction
97 Copyright 2019. All Rights Reserved.
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answer only question g
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100
increasing
enzyme
ativity
optimum
pH
5 6
9 10 11
7
8
pH
20
40°
60°C
Temperature
1. How do pH and temperature affect enzyme activity?
2. What do the graphs suggest about the activity of the enzyme?
3. Draw a graph that represents the role of enzymes in metabolism. (Rubrics on
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(Enter your answer to two significant figures.)
turnover number =
sec-1
D
1 pt
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estion
stion 5
on 6
7
1pt
1 pt
1 pt
1pt
1pt
1pt
1 pt
1 pt
D
is the substrate concentration multiplied by the
catalytic constant. KM is equivalent to the
substrate concentration multiplied by the ratio
of rate constants for the formation and
dissociation of the enzyme-substrate complex. KM
is equivalent to the substrate concentration. KM
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6 OF 16 QUESTIONS REMAINING
The rate of an enzyme catalysed reaction was measured with increasing substrate concentrations in the presence of 0 μM, 2 μM or
5 μM of a non-reactive substrate analogue capable of binding to the active site. The following double reciprocal Lineweaver-Burk
plot was produced from the data obtained. Match each of the following terms with the correct label (A-G) on the plot.
Prompts
11/[5]
(B)
(A)
(c)
(D)
(E)
(G)
(F)
Answers
Select match
Select match
Reaction with 2 μM of the substrate
analogue
(3) 1/KM
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