Physics II Lab 1 Report

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School

California Baptist University *

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Course

203

Subject

Chemistry

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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4

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Uploaded by GrandGoose2704

Ethan Davidson, Weihao Wang, Bryan Luna, Timothy Allec 1/30/2024 PHY203-A Lab 1: Buoyancy and Ideal Gas Law Purpose: The lab aims to explore fundamental principles of fluid dynamics and gas behavior, including temperature-density relationships and the Ideal Gas Law. Through a solar tube experiment demonstrating buoyancy and an Ideal Gas Law test with a gas syringe, students investigate the effects of temperature on air density and correlate volume, temperature, and pressure to enhance their understanding of these key physics concepts. Part 1 Results: Solar Tube empty mass: 451g Air Temperature: 13 C Solar Tube dimensions (w x l) : 96in x 59.5 ft Length initial: 59ft Length of filled tube: 57ft Circumference of filled tube: 6.3ft, Diameter = 60cm Part 2 Results: Table 1: Constant Temperature Volume (cc) Pressure (kPa) 1 40.0 108.2 2 19.0 184.2 V0 (Additional Volume) = 10.86 cc (V1 + V0)/ (V2 + V0) = P2/P1 Table 2: Varying Temperature Volume (cc) Pressure (kPa) Temperature (K) Initial 50.9 108.2 298.0 Peak 29.9 198.1 306.9
Graph from Pascal showing data collection for Part 2
Part 1 Question #1: Initially, the mass of the filled tube, when filled with cool air near the ground, is essentially the mass of the tube itself plus the mass of the cool air inside. At take-off, As the solar tube absorbs heat and expands, the volume increases, displacing a larger mass of air. The buoyant force becomes greater than the weight of the tube, leading to take-off. At this point, the mass of displaced air is greater than the mass of the initially filled tube. When floating, the buoyant force is holding the tube in the air, and the mass of the displaced air continues to be greater than the mass of the tube. The system reaches equilibrium, and the tube remains suspended in the air. Part 1 Question #2.: How does the temperature of the environment affect our ability to get the Solar Tubes to float upwards? The temperature of the environment plays a crucial role in the experiment. Warmer temperatures cause the air inside the solar tube to expand, reducing its density. This results in a larger volume of air being displaced, leading to a greater buoyant force. Therefore, higher temperatures enhance the ability of the solar tube to float upwards. Cooler temperatures would have the opposite effect, reducing the buoyant force and making it more difficult for the tube to float. Part 1 Question #3. Would this experiment work as well on a cloudy day? What are the preferred weather conditions?** The experiment's success is influenced by the availability of solar radiation. The buoyant force is dependent on the expansion of air inside the solar tube, which, in turn, relies on heat absorption from the sun. On a cloudy day, reduced solar radiation limits the heat absorbed by the tube, resulting in less air expansion and a weaker buoyant force. The preferred weather conditions for the experiment involve clear and sunny days with abundant sunlight. In these conditions, the solar tube can absorb sufficient heat, causing significant air expansion and facilitating the upward movement of the tube.
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Part 2 Question #1: When the piston presses down quickly, the piston pushes the air so that the air molecules move violently causing the temperature to rise, and the change in temperature causes the pressure inside the tube to be higher, resulting in a pressure of more than 200 KPa. When the molecular activity is stabilized, the temperature drops so that the pressure is stabilized. Part 2 Question #2: The temperature remains constant, but the gas is compressed while the gas mass remains constant. According to PV=NRT, the smaller the volume, the higher the pressure. Part 2 Question #3: When the piston is released, the gas falls rapidly in temperature due to the pressure pushing the piston up until equilibrium with atmospheric pressure. According to PV=NRT, the mass remains constant, the pressure decreases, and the temperature decreases accordingly. Part 2 Question #4: The Ideal Gas Law states that the quantity: PV / T = constant Use your Table 2 values to calculate the ratio: (P1*V1) / T1 = ? P1 * V1 / T1 = (108.2kPa * 50.9cc) / 298.0 K = 18.5 Use your Table 2 values to calculate the ratio: (P2*V2) / T2 = ? P2 * V2 / T2 = (198.1kPa * 29.86) / 306.9 K = 10.3 The two ratios are not the same, and the percent difference is 56.9% Conclusion: In conclusion, the laboratory experiment successfully investigated fundamental principles of fluid dynamics and gas behavior, specifically focusing on temperature-density relationships and the Ideal Gas Law. The solar tube experiment and gas syringe test provided valuable insights into the effects of temperature on air density and the correlation between volume, temperature, and pressure. The data obtained from Table 2, which represents varying temperatures, demonstrated the dynamic relationship between these variables. The observations and analysis of the questions posed during the experiment underscored the significance of molecular activity and its impact on temperature and pressure changes within the system. Additionally, the application of the Ideal Gas Law to calculate ratios from Table 2 values revealed a notable percent difference, emphasizing the need for careful consideration and understanding of these fundamental physics concepts in real-world scenarios. This lab not only enhanced our comprehension of fluid dynamics and gas behavior but also emphasized the practical implications and applications of the Ideal Gas Law in explaining the observed phenomena.