Lab Report 1

Benzylpenicillin shown in Figure 34 was the first antibiotic to be manufactured on large scale. How many ester groups can be formed when this compound reacts with methanol in the presence of strong acid?

¨     What other types of analgesics are on the market?  How does their action compare with aspirin and why are these alternative drugs necessary?  Discuss the differences among the following compounds by drawing their structures: Acetylsalicylic acid, Acetaminophen (Paracetamol), Ibuprofen, Paracetamol and Phenacetin.

What metabolic reaction is illustrated by the image below? * СООН СООН -OCOCH3 CH,COOH он + Ester hydrolysis Decarboxylation Nitro- reduction Deamination Azo reduction

Alkaloids are basic nitrogen-containing compounds of plant origin, many of which are physiologically active when administered to humans. Ingestion of coniine, isolated from water hemlock, can cause weakness, labored respiration, paralysis, and eventually death. Coniine is the toxic substance in the “poison hemlock” used in the death of Socrates. In small doses, nicotine is an addictive stimulant. In larger doses, it causes depression, nausea, and vomiting. In still larger doses, it is a deadly poison. Solutions of nicotine in water are used as insecticides. Cocaine is a central nervous system stimulant obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.Classify each amino group in these alkaloids according to type (primary, secondary, tertiary, aliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic).

select two. Which statements correspond to: ESCITALOPRAM (antidepressant)   a. It induces tranquility and somnolence to the patient. b. An agent that regulates re-uptake of serotonin in the brain. c. Its structure has benzonitrile, flurobenzene and a tertiary amine. d. An agent that is indicated to patients with hives and dermatitis.

N-Methylpyrrolidine has a boiling point of 81 °C, and piperidine has a boiling point of 106 °C. Tetrahydropyran has a boiling point of 88 °C, and cyclopentanone has a boiling point of 141 °C. These two isomershave a boiling point difference of 53 °C. Explain why the two oxygen-containing isomers have a much larger boilingpoint difference than the two amine isomers

I Part 3 Discussion questions: Please answer in less than 2 paragraphs (20 points) 1. The FDA scientists have published 2 papers on the subject of sunscreen dermal absorption. What is different between the publications? The editorial page in the journal JAMA (Journal of American Medication Association) might help you answer this question.

Estrogens are female sex hormones, the most potent of which is B-estradiol. OH AYA Но B-Estradiol In recent years, chemists have focused on designing and synthesizing molecules that bind to estrogen receptors. One target of this research has been nonsteroidal estrogen antagonists, compounds that interact with estrogen receptors and block the effects of both endogenous and exogenous estrogens. A feature common to one type of nonste- roidal estrogen antagonist is the presence of a 1,2-diphenylethylene with one of the benzene rings bearing a dialkylaminoethoxyl substituent. The first nonsteroidal estrogen antagonist of this type to achieve clinical importance was tamoxifen, now an important drug in the treatment of breast cancer. Tamoxifen has the Z configuration shown here. NMeg A B NMeg ? ОН Tamoxifen Propose reagents for the conversion of A to tamoxifen. Note: The final step in this synthesis gives a mixture of E and Z isomers.

Symbicort 80/4.5 is an oral inhalation product containing 80 mcg of budesonide and 4.5 mcg of formoterol fumarate per inhalations twice daily. how much of each drug would be administered daily? A) 0.32 mg budesonide , and 0.18 mg formoterol fumarate B) 320 mcg budesonide , and 0.18 mg formoterol fumarate C) 0.32 mg budesonide , and 0.018 mg formoterol fumarate D) 160 mcg budesonide , and 9 mcg formoterol fumarate

(i)What class of drug is Ranitidine? (ii)If water contains dissolved Ca2+ ions, out of soaps and synthetic detergents, which will you use for cleaning clothes? (iii)Which of the following is an antiseptic? 0.2% phenol, 1% phenol

Which type of amine is (s)-methamphetamine?   a)  a primary aliphatic amine   b)  a primary aromatic amine   c)  a secondary aliphatic amine   d)  a secondary aromatic amine

Explain why benzocaine precipitates during the neutralization.

Succinimide is an organic compound used in many syntheses as a building block and is related to a class of drugs known as anticonvulsants. Given the following solubility of succinimide in water and methanol, which would be a better solvent for recrystallizing succinimide? Solubility data: 1 gram of succinimide is soluble in 5 mL of cold water, 3 mL of water at room temperature and 0.7 mL of boiling water. 1 gram of succinimide is soluble in 30 mL of cold methanol, 24 mL of room temperature methanol and 5 mL of hot methanol. Show all calculations.

Show the solution properly. Thank you.

What are the safety hazards of these chemicals  Acetic anhydride (108-24-7) Formic acid (64-18-60) Benzotriazole (95-14-7) N-Formylbenzotriazole (72773-04-7)