CHM 113 -Lab3_ How much Water is in the Hydrate
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Water in Hydrates 1
How much Water is in the Hydrate?
Lab Members-
1)
Atlanta Das (1222600795)
2) Chris Feist (1218567233)
3) Drishti Gopal Chandwani (1225873157)
4) Khang Do (1225044184)
Teaching Assistant- Soumya Dutta
Date- 8th February 2023
CHM 113 - Wednesday - 6:00 pm to 7:50 pm
Water in Hydrates 2
Introduction:
Hydrates are salts that have water incorporated into their crystalline structure. The salts' ability to
form crystal structures and absorb water is due to the strong interaction between polar water
molecules and ions in hydrates. The maximum amount of water that a salt can absorb is
determined by its crystal structure and is known as water of hydration. Heating the salt can cause
the water of hydration to be driven off, leaving an anhydrous residue.
In this experiment we will find out how much water is present in some hydrates. We can do this
by using some formulas like finding the mass% of water of hydration.
mass% of water of hydration = mass of water(g)
x 100%
Mass of hydrated salt(g)
Finding the mole ratio will also be required in order to determine the nearest whole number ratio
of the water to salt. We can do this by using the formula:-
Mole ratio = mol water
Mol of anhydrous salt
We will be finding how much water is in the following hydrates:- 1) MgSO
4
.XH
2
O
2) CuSO
4
.XH
2
O
Procedure:
The goal of this lab was to determine the formula of the unknown hydrates- MgSO
4
.XH
2
O and
CuSO
4
.XH
2
O.
As part of the protocol for this experiment, the first step is to make sure that all safety measures
and equipment are accessible and suitable for use. The heating plate should be set to 450 degrees
Celsius after the safety apparatus is in place. The mass of the two empty crucibles and their lids
should be measured using the scale while you wait for the plate to heat up. The crucibles are then
filled with hydrates and set on the heating plate when the heating plate has reached 450 degrees
Celsius. A timer is set to heat for 15 minutes and cool for 2 minutes. The salt-filled crucible is
Water in Hydrates 3
then massed once it has cooled. For accuracy, this is performed twice more. Each of the three
trials yields data. The solid trash is disposed of at the appropriate waste collection place when the
experiments are over. The materials are cleaned, and the heating plate is switched off.
Calculations and Results:
Table 1: Initial Data Collection: The table below shows the weight of the salt before and after
cycles 1 and 2.
Name of
Salt
Mass of
Empty
Crucible
Mass of
Crucible
with Salt
Time
Cycle 1
Mass of
Crucible
Time
Cycle 2
Mass of
Crucible
A
B
10 min
heating +
5 min
cooling
B1
10 min
heating +
5 min
cooling
B2
MgSO4
20.54 g
21.37 g
21.05 g
21.02 g
CuSO4
37.73 g
38.32 g
38.04 g
38.08 g
Table 2: Post Experiment Data Collection: This table shows the experimental mass of the
hydrated and anhydrous salt and also the mass of water lost in the heating/cooling process.
Name of Salt
Mass of hydrated Salt
Mass of Anhydrous
Salt
Mass of Water Lost
U = B - A
V = B2 - A
U - V = C
MgSO4
0.83 g
0.48 g
0.35 g
CuSO4
0.59 g
0.35 g
0.24 g
1)
% 𝑤𝑎??? = 𝐶/? * 100 a)
% 𝑤𝑎??? 𝑖? 𝑀?𝑆𝑂4 = 0. 35/0. 83 * 100 = 42. 17%
b)
% 𝑤𝑎??? 𝑖? 𝐶?𝑆𝑂4 = 0. 24/0. 59 * 100 = 40. 68%
2)
??. ?? ????? = ?𝑎?? ?? 𝑎?ℎ𝑦????? ?𝑎?? (?)/???𝑎? ?𝑎?? * 100
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