Aniya Mims Lab manual lab#1 sugar

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School

City Colleges of Chicago, Malcolm X *

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121

Subject

Chemistry

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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pdf

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Uploaded by itsssaniya

Lab#1 remote v1 1 Lab 1: Scientific Method with Sugars A. Learning Objectives Identify probable factors that contribute to variations among individuals. Differentiate independent, and control dependent variables. Articulate hypotheses that state the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Design an experiment to test the stated hypothesis. Record, tabulate, graph and interpret collected data. B. Materials List Item Quantity 1 Granulated table sugar 1/2 cup = 4 oz. = 120 mL 2 Tap water 1 cup = 240 mL 3 Vinegar (optional) 1/3 cup 4 Spoon 3 counts 5 8 oz. or larger glass, bowl or disposable cup 3 equal size containers 6 Stop watch in your phone 1 7 Measurement tools – cup, teaspoon, table spoon or graduated cylinder (one in the lab kit) 1 each 8 Optional: thermometer, pH test strip C. Research question: What factors could affect how fast sugar dissolves in water? The factors that could affect how fast sugar dissolves in water would be temperature, particle size, concentration of sugar, type of sugar, and type of water.

Lab#1 remote v1 2 D. Design an experiment to answer the above research question. Pick one “factor” in you answer to C that you wish to research in this lab. One “ factor ” in my answer to C that I wish to research in this lab would be temperature. Your independent variable = temperature of the water; dependent variable = time it takes for the sugar to dissolve Write your hypothesis in the space below. Hint: Must state the relationship between the independent and dependent variable. As the temperature of the water increases, the time it takes for the sugar to dissolve will decrease. Draw a graph to show what you expect to see in the data you ’re going to collect BASED on your hypothesis in the box below. DO NOT use the actual data you collect. Plot a scatter graph, Y (= dependent variable) vs. X (=independent variable), and show the trendline. Now “design” an experiment to test your hypothesis. Write down the procedure in the box below. Hints – (a) you’d want to vary your independent variable and measure the dependent variable to see whether there is any relationship between the independent and dependent variable. (b) To make sense of the data, it is advisable to use at least THREE different values of the independent variable. (c) Finally, a good experiment must keep every other factor, except the chosen independent variable, constant (unchanged). These “other” factors are also called control variables because they must be “controlled” (and stay constant). 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 1 2 3 4 5 Time it Takes for the Water to Dissolve (seconds) Temperature of the Water (degrees C) Effect of Water Temperature on the Rate of Sugar Dissolution

Lab#1 remote v1 3 1. Put ½ cup of granulated table sugar in 3 different cups for each trial. 2. Put 1 cup of tap water in 3 different cups for each trial. 3. Label one cup of tap water as “ cold ” , another cup as ‘ room temperature ” and the last one as “ hot ” . Fill the cup with “ hot ” water from a heated source (microwave), the “ room temperature ” water from the tap, and the “ cold ” water from the refrigerator. 4. Measure and record the initial temperature of each cup of water. 5. Add the sugar to each cup of water at the same time. 6. Start the timer as soon as the sugar is added. 7. Stir each cup with the mixture of sugar for one minute using a spoon. 8. Observe and record the time it takes for the sugar to dissolve completely in each cup. Ensure accuracy by stopping the timer as soon as no visible sugar particles are present. 9. Repeat the experiment for each temperature condition at least 3 times for accuracy. 10. Calculate the average time for sugar dissolution at each temperature. Compare the average time to identify any trends or patterns. E. Experimental data Record data in this following table - Trial # Average Temperatures of the Water (in degrees Celsius) Average Time it Takes for the Sugar to Dissolve (in seconds) 1 10 16 2 25 9 3 90 3 F. Display your data in a graph below Please use Excel to plot your data and paste your graph here for the final report. You could also draw the graph by hand, take a picture of the graph, email the picture to yourself and paste that picture here OR upload pictures to Brightspace separately if the file becomes too big. Use a lower “resolution” to reduce the file size of your picture. Otherwise, Brightspace may reject your picture. Picture files must be in .jpg, .pdf, or .tiff

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