Chem119-Exam4-practice-answers

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Feb 20, 2024

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FALL 2023 BARONDEAU CHEMISTRY 119 EXAM 4 practice Name (Print): _________________________________ Name (Signature):_____________________________ Student ID:_____________________________ Instructions: You can remove the formula page/periodic table on the last page from the exam. The exam must be completed during the class period and the answers written neatly in the boxes provided next to the problems for grading.
1. How many molecules of oxygen must be included in the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion reaction of heptane, C 7 H 16 (hint: the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon is the reaction with molecular oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water) (4 points)? C 7 H 16 + 11 O 2 7 CO 2 + 8 H 2 O 2. Mixing MgCl 2 and Na 3 PO 4 results in the precipitation of Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 . What mass of magnesium phosphate can be produced from 55.2 g of MgCl 2 and excess Na 3 PO 4 (give answer with 3 significant figures; 4 points)? 3 MgCl 2 (aq) + 2 Na 3 PO 4 (aq) 6 NaCl(aq) + Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (s) (55.2 g MgCl 2 )(1 mol / 95.21 g)(1 mol Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 / 3 mol MgCl 2 ) = 0.193 mol Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (0.193 mol Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 )(262.86 g/ 1 mol) = 50.8 g 3. How many moles of Al 2 O 3 can be produced from the reaction of 105. g of Al and 108. g of O 2 (give answer with 3 significant figures; 4 points)? 4 Al(s) + 3O 2 (g) 2 Al 2 O 3 (s) Al 105 g (1 mol / 26.98 g) = 3.89 mol / 4 = 0.973 O 2 108 g (1 mol / 32.00 g) = 3.38 mol / 3 = 1.125 Al is limiting reagent (3.89 mol Al)( 2 mol Al 2 O 3 / 4 mol Al) = 1.95 mol 11 50.8 g 1.95 mol
4. Nitric oxide is produced by reacting ammonia with oxygen gas. What is the percent yield if 28.7 g of NO (molar mass 30.01 g/mol) is isolated from the reaction of excess NH 3 with 45.2 g of O 2 ? Report the answer with 3 significant figures (4 points). 4 NH 3 (g) + 5 O 2 (g) 4 NO(g) + 6 H 2 O(g) (45.2 g O 2 )(1 mol / 32 g)(4 mol NO / 5 mol O 2 )(30.01 g NO / 1 mol) = 33.9 g theoretical yield Percent yield = (28.7 / 33.9)(100 %) = 84.6% 5. What is the concentration of the acid in a HI solution with a measured pH of 2.25 (4 points)? Report the answer with 3 significant figures. pH = -log (H + ) HI is strong acid – completely dissociates antilog (-2.25) = H + = 5.62 10 -3 M 6. What is the pH of a 7.58 10 -4 M Sr(OH) 2 solution (4 points)? Report the answer with 3 significant figures. Strong base 2 OH - per Sr(OH) 2 [OH - ] = (7.58 10 -4 M)(2) = 1.516 10 -3 M pOH = -log[1.516 10 -3 ] = 2.82 pH = 14 – pOH = 11.2 84.6% 5.62 10 -3 M 11.2
7. According to the Arrhenius definition, an acid (4 points) a. increases the H 3 O + concentration in an aqueous solution b. increases the OH - concentration in an aqueous solution c. is a strong electrolyte d. is a proton acceptor e. increases the pH of a solution f. is a proton donor g. is an electron-pair acceptor 8. What is the net ionic equation for the reaction of aqueous calcium chloride, CaCl 2 , and aqueous lead nitrate, Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (4 points)? CaCl 2 (aq) + Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) Ca(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) + PbCl 2 (s) Ca 2+ (aq) + 2 Cl - (aq) + Pb 2+ (aq) + 2 NO 3 - (aq) Ca 2+ (aq) + 2 NO 3 - (aq) + PbCl 2 (s) 2 Cl - (aq) + Pb 2+ (aq) PbCl 2 (s) 9. What is/are the spectator ion(s) in the reaction between aqueous phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) and aqueous potassium hydroxide (KOH) (4 points)? Phosphoric acid is a weak acid and will not produce spectator ions KOH is a strong base. K + will be a spectator ion. 10. What is the oxidation number of a. the chlorine atom in the compound HClO 4 (3 points)? H is +1, Cl is -2, Cl is +7 b. the sulfur atom in the compound SO 3 2- (3 points)? O is -2; charge is -2; S is +4 A K + 2 Cl - (aq) + Pb 2+ (aq) PbCl 2 (s) +7 +4
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