Act B3_SOLN-SI_S2023_LabReport_Template

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Chemistry

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Dec 6, 2023

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Date: 11/3/23 Lab Day: Lab Start Time: 11:00 Activity B.3 Relationships in Acid-Base Reactions Lab Report Collective Analysis A variable is a property of an object that can take on different values. The relationships between four variables were explored in experiments A (Part I) and B (Part II). The variables were V HCl (volume of hydrochloric acid), N NaOH (total number of drops of sodium hydroxide) and V H 2 O (volume of water), and T (temperature change). Variables can be categorized into different classes; this provides a structure to the data set that can help you to identify patterns (i.e., relationships between the values of two or more variables). In the sciences, experiments are designed to explore relationships between independent and dependent variables. 1 . Identify the independent variable and dependent variable in Experiment A. Type of Variable Variable Name Experiment A Independent Variable Volume of HCl Dependent Variable Total # of drops in NaOH 1a) Briefly explain the reasons why you identified the variables above as independent or dependent. The independent variable, which was around the same molarity and volume around a few of the tests, was altered in color by sodium hydroxide in varied drops, which is a dependent part of the chemical reaction. 1b) Describe the relationship between the independent and dependent variable in Experiment A. Hydrochloric acid, the independent, is not the amount being studied and is a resolute variable, compared to sodium hydroxide, which for our intents and purposes, is noted for how many drops alters the reaction. Both increase as the reaction moves on, showing a linear reaction. 1c). Consider experiment A in which the variable V H 2 O changed values between test tubes containing the same V HCl (e.g., between test tubes A1 and A2). Was the relationship between the two variables V HCl and N NaOH affected by the variable V H 2 O ? Support your reasoning using data from the group file as evidence. [Hint: you may want to calculate average values of the dependent variable for each value of V H 2 O ] When the amount of hydrochloric acid was watered down by the variable of water, it had a unique effect of making the interaction more of a much more watered-down base; being more green or even dark blue. Take for example example A6 from the class data, a volume of 8.0 H2O
and 2.0 HCl. In sixteen drops, it went from a pH level of 1 to a harsh and deep 10. Whereas with A3 in the same class data two rows down, a volume of just 1.2 HCL, it took twelve drops, but the reaction was not as severe, going from a 1 to simply eight. For this, water is an extremely potent variable in the reaction. 2. Identify the independent variable and dependent variable in experiment B. Describe the relationship between these two variables. Type of Variable Variable Name Experiment B Independent Variable NaOH Dependent Variable Temperature change 2a) Briefly explain the reasons why you identified the variables above as independent or dependent. The independent variable is NaOH because it is held at a constant number. The dependent variable in this case is the change in temperature because it is dependent on the NaOH solution. 2b) Describe the relationship between the independent and dependent variable in Experiment B. The dependent variable (temperature) increases as the independent variable (volume) increases, demonstrating a linear relationship. 2c) Consider Experiment B in which the variable V H 2 O changed values between test tubes having the same V NaOH (e.g, between test tubes B3 and B4). Was the relationship between the two variables N NaOH and T affected by the variable V H 2 O ? Support your reasoning using data from the group file as evidence. [Hint: you may want to calculate average values of the dependent variable for each value of V H 2 O ] Both variables are not affected by the variable of water here this time. When comparing B2 and B4, there was not a significant temperature change. B2, with a water value of 4.4, had a final temperature of 24.2. B4, with a water value of 4.0, had a final temperature of 24.8. Gonzalez and Monteyne, Chemistry by Inquiry Activity B.3 2
3. Two chemical systems, interaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide and the interaction between hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide, were investigated. Use the collection of data from the group file to plot volume of base (y-axis) versus volume of hydrochloric acid (x-axis) data from both systems. Use different markers to identify the different systems. Use the trend line function in Excel to plot the best-fit line for the class data. Be sure to check the box for the trend line to go through the origin, and check the box to display the equation of the trend line on the graph. 3a) 1 7 1 3 1 9 2 5 3 1 3 7 4 3 4 9 5 5 6 1 6 7 7 3 7 9 8 5 9 1 9 7 1 0 3 1 0 9 1 1 5 1 2 1 1 2 7 1 3 3 1 3 9 1 4 5 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 Neutralization of HCl With NaOH and KOH (projected) 3b) How would the value of the slope of the trend line in the previous question change if the concentration of the hydrochloric acid was increased? Explain your reasoning. Because the trend lines for potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide titrations are precisely proportional, they would both rise if the hydrochloric acid concentration were to be raised. 3c) How would the value of the slope of the trend line change if the concentration of base (sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide) was increased? Explain your reasoning. If the base's concentration (potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide) were to rise, the trend line's slope would fall. More concentration of NaOH would result in a faster reach of the equivalency point. Gonzalez and Monteyne, Chemistry by Inquiry Activity B.3 Volume of Base (aq) (+/- 0.05mL) 3
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