Domestic use water analysis
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Domestic Use Water Analysis Lab
Experiment 1: Tannin Concentration
Introduction
This experiment’s objective is to compare the tannin levels of different water samples. Tannins
are organic substances that are present in tea, wine, grapes, and other fruits. Chlorine has the
ability to interact with organic substances during disinfection to create carcinogens like
trihalomethanes. When chlorine interacts with dissolved organic carbons, these two substances
combine to form a chemical. As water moves through rotting organic matter or soil in the water,
tannins are produced. Many of the tannins found in other fruits have the potential to do more
harm than good. For instance, the majority of berries contain condensed and hydrolysable
tannins. These fruits have been shown to increase the likelihood of migraines in people who
consume them in large quantities.
Materials
Colorimeter
Colorimeter sample vials
Tannin Reagent 1
Tannin Reagent 2
3 Different water samples (DI water, Tap Water and Pond Water)
Experimental procedure
1.
Fill one tube (located in the colorimeter case) with deionized (DI) water, another tube
with tap water, and the third with lake water.
2.
To the samples (NOT the DI water), add 4 drops of “Tannin Reagent #1”. Cap and mix.
3.
Use the 1 ml pipette to add 2 ml of “Tannin Reagent #2”. Cap and mix.
4.
Wait 30 minutes for full color development.
5.
Once 30 minutes has elapsed, press “USE” to turn on the colorimeter.
6.
Scroll to and select “ALL TESTS” from the testing menu.
7.
Select “TANNIN” from the menu (Test # 93 or 96).
8.
Insert the tube containing the DI water into the colorimeter and select “SCAN BLANK”.
Close the lid and make sure to wipe the sides of the tube with a paper tissue.
9.
Insert one sample into colorimeter and select “SCAN SAMPLE”
10. Record the result. This is the concentration of tannins (mg/L or ppm).
11. Insert the tube containing the DI water into the colorimeter and select “SCAN BLANK”
12. Insert 2nd sample into colorimeter and select “SCAN SAMPLE”
13. Record the result.
14. Insert 3rd sample into colorimeter and select “SCAN SAMPLE”
15. Record the result.
Results
Deionizer water
0.01 ppm
Smelled like nothing and
colorless
Treated tap water
0.10 ppm
Elmers glue stick smell and
was colorless
FIU lake water
2.80 ppm
Smells similar to chlorine and
was slightly brown with a
textured appearance.
The tannin reagent 1 drops turned the liquid yellow for both the tap water and the pond water.
The tannin content that was presented in the lake water was the highest out of the three forms
of water. After adding 2 ml of tannin reagent 2 in the lake water the yellow color of the water
turned into clear.
Analysis
In water, tannins and humic acids are regarded as DOC. Reduced DOC compounds are necessary
to prevent the production of carcinogens. Decomposed vegetation and other organic
substances release tannins. Tannins are found in water that has encounter a lot of rotting plants.
These can produce water that is yellow in hue, however in this case the low tannin levels
resulted in a vivid blue water. Tannins are measured using a colorimeter test and are expressed
as parts per million, or ppm.
Due to the presence of plants in lakes, you can assume that the
lake sample would have higher levels of tannin. Since the water is frequently cleansed and
tested for tannin, it was anticipated that the tap water would have very little to no tannin.
However, there were still some traces of tannin in the tap water.
Experiment 2: Chlorine Measurements
Introduction
Chlorine (Cl-) concentrations are correlated with sodium (Na+) concentrations. People with high
blood pressure may have health issues from excessive sodium levels, which can also be a sign
that saltwater has seeped into the groundwater. It appears that the positive and negative ions
are switching positions in this type of interaction, which involves ions.
The pH of the water
decreases in direct proportion to how effective chlorine is as a disinfectant. "Pure chlorine" is
rarely used in water treatment.
Materials
Beaker
(2) Water Samples
Silver Nitrate
Experimental Procedure
1.
Use three 100 mL beakers and label them: Beaker A) DI water, Beaker B) tap water and
Beaker C) pond water.
2.
Add 5 drops of silver nitrate to each beaker. Observe the reaction and make any note of
changes in the solution.
Results
Deionizer water
There was no difference in color after adding
silver nitrate.
Tap water
The color of the water goes from clear to
white which means there was signs of
chlorine. Chlorine helps kill bacteria which
means this water is safe to drink
Pond water
The pond water only changed color slightly
after adding the drops.
A reaction will occur, and white precipitate will form in the water if chlorine ions are present.
This is called a double replacement reaction. The white precipitate appeared in the samples as a
white, hazy substance. DI (Deionization) water was unaffected by the silver nitrate.
Analysis
Ions have the ability to bind and produce new products when solutions are combined. In this sort of
ionic contact, it looks that the positive and negative ions are trading places. Chlorine is a chemical
substance which is mostly used to purify water before it is consumed. It is one among the most frequent
chemicals since it is highly reactive and may be found in many different compounds. The data from the
chlorine measurement experiment revealed that the tap water had the highest trace of chlorine based
on the silver nitrate. The tap water, as expected, showed the highest reactivity to silver nitrate since the
water sample was first chlorinated to kill microorganisms and make it safe.
Experiment 3: Activated Charcoal as filter
Introduction
High surface area allows for the absorption of gases, contaminants, and other chemicals,
rendering them harmless or useless. Can filter impurities can lessen odor and enhance flavor in
water. Negative charge prevents it from removing heavy metals, salt, nitrates, or
microorganisms. Due to its ability to draw other substances to its surface and retain them there,
charcoal is able to perform a wide range of functions. We refer to this as adsorption. This
experiment seeks to determine whether and how dissolved organic particles are removed by
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