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Terminology for Diagnostic Testing
Angiography:
A method of injecting a dye into an artery and obtaining an x-ray study of blood vessels, tumors, and
lesions.
Arteriography:
Radiography of an artery or arterial system after injection of a contrast medium into the
bloodstream.
Bronchoscopy
: Inspection of the interior of the tracheobronchial tree through a bronchoscope.
Cardiac catheterization:
Introduction of a catheter into the heart chambers to confirm a diagnosis or to evaluate
the extent of the disease process.
Colposcopy
: A gynecologic examination that uses the colposcope to examine the walls of the vagina and the
cervix.
Complete blood count (CBC):
Includes type and number of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and
hemoglobin.
Computed tomography (CT) scan:
Through use of a computer, cathode ray tubes emit radiation at different
depths to show the density of tissues and organs, indicating malformations, tumors, or other irregularities; also
called computed axial tomography (CAT) scan.
Conization
: Coring or removal of the mucous lining of the cervical canal and its glands by means of cutting with a
high-frequency current; performed when a Pap smear indicates abnormal cells.
Cytology
: The study of the structure, function, and pathology of cells.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP
): Examination of the biliary system done through a
flexible endoscope and instillation of contrast medium into the ampulla of Vater of the pancreas.
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD):
Endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
Fluoroscopy
: Examination by means of fluoroscope using x-ray studies displayed on a fluorescent screen.
Glucometer
: A small machine used to measure glucose content of capillary blood.
Hematology
: The study of blood and its components.
Histology
: The branch of anatomy dealing with the structure, composition, and function of tissues.
Intravenous pyelography (IVP):
Injection of a dye into a vein to show urine flow through the renal pelvis, ureters,
and bladder on x-ray examination.
KUB x-ray
: X-ray study of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
Liquid-based cytology (LBC
): This type of Pap smear performed in approximately 90% of Pap smears in the
United States. In contrast to the traditional Pap, it produces a sample that has improved clarity and quality. Instead
of cells being placed directly onto a microscope slide, they are deposited into a small bottle of preservative liquid.
Lumbar puncture
: Insertion of a hollow needle into the subarachnoid space between the third and fourth lumbar
vertebrae to withdraw samples of cerebrospinal fluid for analysis and to measure the pressure; also called spinal
puncture and spinal tap.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI):
A noninvasive method, based on magnetic fields, of visualizing soft tissue
without the use of contrast media or ionizing radiation.
Papanicolaou (Pap) smear
: A laboratory test to detect cancer, especially cervical, vaginal, or uterine cancer; use
began in the 1950s. Later the test was improved by use of LBC.
Paracentesis
: A needle puncture of the abdomen to remove ascites fluid, to perform a lavage, or to initiate
peritoneal dialysis.
Proctosigmoidoscopy
: Examination of the rectum and sigmoid colon with a sigmoidoscope.
Radiography: The making of film records of internal structures of the body by exposure of film sensitized to x-rays.
Radioimmunoassay (RIA):
Use of radionuclides, following principles of immunology, to measure materials present
in blood in minute amounts.
Radionuclides:
Radioactive substances that disintegrate with the emission of electromagnetic radiation.
Radiopharmaceutical
:
A radioactive pharmaceutical substance used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
Sequential multiple assay (SMA):
A series of assay tests for a variety of chemical substances performed one after
another on one blood or serum sample by a chemical analyzer.
Thoracentesis:
Insertion of a needle through the chest wall to the pleural space to drain fluid or air or to instill
medication.
Treadmill stress test:
A test that measures heart rate and blood pressure response to clinically controlled active
exercise on a treadmill (a machine with a moving belt on which one walks while staying in one place).
Ultrasonography:
A technique in which deep structures of the body are visualized by recording the reflections
(echoes) of ultrasonic waves directed into the tissues.
Blood Chemistry Tests and Their Purpose
Glucose
- Diabetes or hypoglycemia
Bilirubin, ALT, ALP, and albumin
- Liver
AST
- Liver or coronary artery disease
BUN and creatinine
- Kidney
LDH, Ck, and troponins
- Heart
Calcium
- Parathyroid and calcium metabolism
Cholesterol
- Potential for atherosclerotic heart disease
Phosphate
- Kidney failure, bone metastasis, and hypercalcemia
Total protein
- Malnutrition, liver disease
Uric acid
– Gout
Lab Values
4.5-5.5
RBC
4,500-10,000
WBC
<20
ESR
30-40
PTT
2-3
INR
100,000-450,000
platelets
12.0-14.0
HgB Female
14.0-16.0
HgB male
36.0-50.0
Hct
.
<5.4
HbA1c
.
5.5-6.4
HbA1c High Risk
.
>6.5
Considered Diabetics
.
135-145
Sodium
.
3.5-5.3
Potassium
.
95-107
Chloride
.
8.5-10.5
Calcium
.
1.6-2.4
Magnesium
.
2.5-4.5
Phosphorus
.
70-110
Fasting Blood Glucose
.
80-120
Normal Blood. Glucose
.
<200
Total Cholesterol
1 / 2
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PART ONE: Preparation of FECNS* Solution
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TABLE 1
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Unknown
Mixture #1
Unknown
Mixture #2
Sample
caffeine
ibuprofen
aspirin
acetaminoph
en
Distance to
solvent front
14,70 cm 14,70cm
14.70cm1u.70 cm
1나,구 cm
|14.구0cm
5. 70 cm
11.90 cm
I.85cm
Distance
Spot(s) traveled 175 cm
13.75cm
11.9 5 cm 6.4 0 cm
13,75 cm
13.75 cm
38 78
1908
.8095
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119
,9354
812 9
43 S
.9354
9354
#1:Aspirin
an d lbuprofen
Components of
Unknowns
#2: Ace taminophen, aspirin
an d ibu profen
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- Dangerous Paint Stripper Jessica has a summer job working for the city parks program. She has been using a cleaner called “Graffiti Gone” to remove graffiti from the bathrooms. She has to take a lot of breaks, because the chemical makes her throat burn. It also makes her feel dizzy sometimes, especially when the bathrooms don’t have very many windows. On the label, she sees that the cleaner has methylene chloride in it. She feels like she’s managing to get the work done, but she is worried about feeling dizzy. She wants to find out more about this chemical, what harm it can cause, and whether there are safer ways to do this work. Questions for following story. 1. What went right in this situation? 2. What went wrong in this situation? 3. What steps should be taken in this workplace to make sure employees are better protected and prepared the next time?arrow_forward2arrow_forwardConsider the following molecules. Which statement(s) is TRUE? CH3 CH3 но ČH3 но ČD3 i. You could differentiate between the two with a spot test. ii. You could differentiate between the two with liquid chromatography. iii. You could differentiate between the two with TLC. iv. You could differentiate between the two with a microcrystalline test. O a. i and iv only O b. ii and iii only O c. iii only O d. i only e. Neither i, ii, iii, nor iv are correct statements.arrow_forward
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