Recitation 1-20-22

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Tuskegee University *

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ISTRY 231

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Chemistry

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Dec 6, 2023

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CHEM 231 GENERAL CHEMISTRY RUSSELL A.E. CHEM 231.01/231/02 RECITATION PERIOD QUESTIONS 1-20-22 1. Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical: (a) condensation of steam (Physical) (b) burning of gasoline (Chemical) (c) souring of milk (Chemical) (d) dissolving of sugar in water (Physical) (e) melting of gold (Physical) 2. A 2.0-liter volume of hydrogen gas combined with 1.0 liter of oxygen gas to produce 2.0 liters of water vapor. Does oxygen undergo a chemical or physical change? 2H2 + O2  2H2O (Chemical) 3. Indicate the SI base units or derived units that are appropriate for the following measurements(meters (length), mass (grams), time(second), Temp(kelvin), electric current(amp), amount of substance(mole), and luminous intensity (candela) ) (a) the length of a marathon race (26 miles 385 yards) 385yds x 1m/1.09yds = 353.2 m (b) the mass of an automobile Grams  “kilo”(kg) (c) the volume of a swimming pool Derived (meters)^3 (lxwxh) (cm^3 or L or mL) (d) the speed of an airplane Derived (distance/time) (meters/second) (e) the density of gold Derived (mass/volume) (grams/cm^3, g/mL or kg/m^3)

CHEM 231 GENERAL CHEMISTRY RUSSELL A.E. (f) the area of a football field (l x w =m^2) 4. Give the name of the prefix and the quantity indicated by the following symbols that are used with SI base units. (a) c (centi) (10^-2) (b) d (deci) (10^-1) (c) G (giga) (10^9) (d) k (kilo) (10^3) (e) m (milli) (10^-3) (f) n (nano) (10^-9) (g) p (pico) (10^-12) (h) T (Tera) (10^12) 5. A large piece of jewelry has a mass of 132.6 g. A graduated cylinder initially contains 48.6 mL water. When the jewelry is submerged in the graduated cylinder, the total volume increases to 61.2 mL. Volume = 61.2 – 48.6 = 12.6mL Density = 132.6g/12.6mL = 10.5 g/mL Gold 40.53g 6. Indicate whether each of the following can be determined exactly or must be measured with some degree of uncertainty: (a) the number of seconds in an hour (b) the number of pages in this book (c) the number of grams in your weight (d) the number of grams in 3 kilograms (e) the volume of water you drink in one day (f) the distance from San Francisco to Kansas City 7. How many significant figures are contained in each of the following measurements?

CHEM 231 GENERAL CHEMISTRY RUSSELL A.E. (a) 53 cm 2sf (b) 2.05 × 10 8 m 3sf (c) 86,002 J 5sf (d) 9.740 × 10 4 m/s 4sf (e) 10.0613 m 3 6sf (f) 0.17 g/mL (g) 0.88400 s 8. Perform the following calculations and report each answer with the correct number of significant figures. (a) 628 × 342 (b) (5.63 × 10 2 ) × (7.4 × 10 3 ) (c) 28.013.483 (d) 8119 × 0.000023 (e) 14.98 + 27,340 + 84.7593 (f) 42.7 + 0.259 9. Consider the results of the archery contest shown in this figure. Accuracy – closeness to a standard value Precision – closeness of measurements to each other (a) Which archer is most precise? Archer X (b) Which archer is most accurate? Archer W (c) Who is both least precise and least accurate? Archer Y

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CHEM 231 GENERAL CHEMISTRY RUSSELL A.E. 10. Classify the following sets of measurements as accurate, precise, both, or neither. (a) Checking for consistency in the weight of chocolate chip cookies: 17.27 g, 13.05 g, 19.46 g, 16.92 g (b) Testing the volume of a batch of 25-mL pipettes: 27.02 mL, 26.99 mL, 26.97 mL, 27.01 mL (c) Determining the purity of gold: 99.9999%, 99.9998%, 99.9998%, 99.9999% 11. The label on a soft drink bottle gives the volume in two units: 2.0 L and 67.6 fl oz. Use this information to derive a conversion factor between the English and metric units. How many significant figures can you justify in your conversion factor? 72 . 12. Complete the following conversions between SI units. (a) 612 g = mg (b) 8.160 m = 8 x 10^2 cm

CHEM 231 GENERAL CHEMISTRY RUSSELL A.E. (c) 3779 μ g = ________ g (d) 781 mL = 0.8 L (e) 4.18 kg = g (f) 27.8 m = ________ km (g) 0.13 mL = ________ L (h) 1738 km = 2 x 10^6 m (i) 1.9 Gg = 1.9 x 10^9 g 13.Gasoline is sold by the liter in many countries. How many liters are required to fill a 12.0-gal gas tank? 1L = 0.764gal 12.0 gal x 1.0L/0.264gal =45.4545L 45.4545L  45.455L  45.46L  45.5L  46L 14. Make the conversion indicated in each of the following: (a) the length of a soccer field, 120 m (three significant figures), to feet 120m x 1.09yds/1m = 130.8yds x 3ft/1yd = 392.ft (b) the height of Mt. Kilimanjaro, at 19,565 ft, the highest mountain in Africa, to kilometers 19,565ft x 1yd/3ft = 6521.67yds x 1m/1.09yds = 5983.18m  5983.2m  5983m (c) the area of an 8.5- × 11-inch sheet of paper in cm 2 8.5in x 2.54cm/1in = 21.25 11in x 2.54cm/1in =27.94 21.25cmx27.94cm=593.725cm  594cm^2 (d) the displacement volume of an automobile engine, 161 in. 3 , to liters 161in^3 cm^3  mL  L

CHEM 231 GENERAL CHEMISTRY RUSSELL A.E. 161in^3 x 16.4cm^3 = 2640.4cm^3  2640cm^3/2640.4mL x 1L/1000mL = 2.64L (e) the estimated mass of the atmosphere, 5.6 × 10 15 tons, to kilograms 5.6x10^15tonsx 2000lbs/1ton=1.12x10^19lbs 1.12 x 10^19 x 1kg/2.2lbs = 5.1 x 10^18kg (f) the mass of a bushel of rye, 32.0 lb, to kilograms (g) the mass of a 5.00-grain aspirin tablet to milligrams (1 grain = 0.00229 oz 15. A chemist’s 50-Trillion Angstrom Run (see Exercise 1.78 ) would be an archeologist’s 10,900 cubit run. How long is one cubit in meters and in feet? (1 Å = 1 × 10 − 8 cm) 5.0x10^13A x 1x10^-8cm/1A = 5.0x10^5cm x 1m/100cm=5.0x10^3m 5x10^3m x 1.09yds/1m x 3ft/1yd=16350ft  1.64x10^4ft (10.900cm/5000m x 1cubic in/xm)  10,900x 5000/10900 16. The gas tank of a certain luxury automobile holds 22.3 gallons according to the owner’s manual. If the density of gasoline is 0.8206 g/mL, determine the mass in kilograms and pounds of the fuel in a full tank. D=M/V D x V=M 0.264gal = 1L 22.3gal x 1L/0.264gal = 84.47L x 1000mL/1L = 8.447 x 10^4  8.45 x 10^4mL

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