Goody's acid base AC

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St. Philip's College *

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2123

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Chemistry

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Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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10

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Goody’s Acid-Base Powder Extraction N ame: Aliyah Carmichael Chem 2123-002 Abstract This acid-base experiment’s purpose was to extract 1400mg of Goody’s Tablets into four components using solvents dichloromethane and ethanol and chemical properties to determine aspirin and acetaminophen’s purity and percentage recovery. The four ingredients are aspirin, acetaminophen, caffeine, and a binder. These ingredients were isolated based on their physical properties, such as solubility and density. The recovering results found were 2.84% & 200% for aspirin and acetaminophen, respectively. Introduction Goody’s Powder is an over-the-counter pain reliever that contains aspirin, acetaminophen, caffeine, and a binder. A binder is a neutral substance that holds ingredients in a tablet together after packing and shipage; the binder isn’t soluble in common organic solvents or water. The combination of aspirin, acetaminophen, and caffeine provide fast pain relief and are all soluble. (figure 1) Figure 1
The extraction process is when ingredients in a mixture are separated into pure components, which can be through filtration, distillation, or chromatography. When it comes to the extraction in this experiment of multiple substances that are smaller molecules, chemical reactivity and physical properties such as solubility, polarity, and density are to be relied on. In this experiment, immiscible (not able to be mixed) solvents are used for liquid-to-liquid extraction to extract compounds by manipulating boiling points, breaking their intermolecular forces, resulting in a precipitate. A separatory funnel is used for the separation process and drainage of the extracted compound. The organic solvents used were dichloromethane and ethanol. “Like dissolves like.” Solubility and density properties play a vital role in this acid-base reaction. Figure 2 below provides an informative guide about the molecular weight and melting point of the various components and their molecular structure that helps to identify whether they can act as an acid or base compared to each other. The pKa for aspirin is 3.49, and the pKa for acetaminophen is 9.71, proving that aspirin is more acidic than acetaminophen. While Aspirin and caffeine were soluble in the dichloromethane. The binder and acetaminophen were not, resulting in a crystal-like precipitate. Hot ethanol was used to extract acetaminophen from the insoluble binder, and the extraction process was repeated. Adding HCl to the aqueous base with aspirin allowed aspirin to form an H-bonding interaction, causing aspirin to reform into a solid. Figure 3 displays the different compounds and their solubility in several organic solvents. (Chloroform has similar atomicity and molecular shape as dichloromethane, with a single chlorine atom difference) This experiment aimed to separate compounds using organic solvents and the extraction technique to determine Asprin and acetaminophen percent recovery. It is hypothesized to receive a 100% recovery of all ingredients. Crystal like acetaminophen and binder
Materials Lab coats, safety goggles, and gloves were worn for safety. 1. Goody’s Powder 2. Dichloromethane 3. Ethanol 4. 3M N aOH 5. 3m HCl 6. Hot plate 7. Watch glass 8. Three beakers 9. Sepatortory 10. Funnel 11. Filter paper Figure 2 Figure 3
12. Separatory funnel & glass stopper 13. Ring stand and iron ring 14. pH paper Experimental Procedure 1. A 1400mg sample of Goody’s Powders was weighed to start the experiment. 2. Goody’s powder sample was added to a small Erlenmeyer flask. 3. 8mL of dichloromethane was added to the flask and warmed on the hot plate at 95 degrees C. Watch glass placed on top to prevent evaporation. 4. Boiled Goody’s and dichloromethane until caffeine and aspirin dissolved and a precipitate of acetaminophen and binder was formed. 5. The remaining solution was transferred into a new beaker labeled #1 and set aside. The precipitate solid was then transferred to filter paper. 6. The precipitate was added to another beaker of 6mL of ethanol and set to a low boil. 7. After the boil, the hot solution was gravity-filtered through filter paper into a funnel and rinsed with hot ethanol. 8. The insoluble binder left was collected, cooled, and weighed. 9. The hot solution with ethanol is cooled, set aside, evaporated off ethanol, and recrystallized with H2O as acetaminophen. This sample was collected, dried, and weighed. 10. Return to beaker #1. 11. The dichloromethane solution from beaker #1 is transferred into the separatory funnel 12. Added 2mL of 3M N aOH into the separatory funnel and placed a glass stopper on top. 13. Held stopper in place, inverted the funnel and shook funnel by to mix layers. 14. Allowed solvent vapors to escape by opening and closing the stopcock. ( Done frequently) 15. Returned funnel to ring stand and placed in an iron ring. 16. Allowed solution to settle and
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