Chua Kaitlin_ ACT B3 Lab Report Chem 120A

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California State University, Fullerton *

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120A

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Chemistry

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Dec 6, 2023

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Chua, Kaitlin Alfonso Ramirez November 6, 2023 Wednesday 2:30 PM Activity B.3 Relationships in Acid-Base Reactions Lab Report Collective Analysis A variable is a property of an object that can take on different values. The relationships between four variables were explored in experiments A (Part I) and B (Part II). The variables were V HCl (volume of hydrochloric acid), N NaOH (total number of drops of sodium hydroxide) and V H O 2 (volume of water), and Δ T (temperature change). Variables can be categorized into different classes; this provides a structure to the data set that can help you to identify patterns (i.e., relationships between the values of two or more variables). In the sciences, experiments are designed to explore relationships between independent and dependent variables. 1. Identify the independent variable and dependent variable in Experiment A. 1a) Briefly explain the reasons why you identified the variables above as independent or dependent. 1b) Describe the relationship between the independent and dependent variable in Experiment A. Type of Variable Variable Name Experiment A Independent Variable Sodium Hydroxide Dependent Variable pH of the solution I identified the pH of the solution as the dependent variable because we aren’t able to measure the change in acidity without adding drops of Sodium Hydroxide to the solution. Between the pH of the solution and the sodium hydroxide, the level of acidity depends on how many drops of Sodium Hydroxide we add to the solution. This means that the relationship between these too values are proportional.
1c). Consider experiment A in which the variable V H O changed values between test tubes 2 containing the same V HCl (e.g., between test tubes A1 and A2). Was the relationship between the two variables V HCl and N NaOH affected by the variable V H O ? Support your reasoning using data 2 from the group file as evidence. [Hint: you may want to calculate average values of the dependent variable for each value of V H O ] 2 Based on experiment A, when the acid that was given is diluted, the concentration of the solute we used ends up decreasing but the pH level of the solution gets closer to the 9 (the average value). The average value I found for both VHCl and VNaOH were relatively the same which means that the relationship between these two values were proportional and stayed the same. 2. Identify the independent variable and dependent variable in experiment B. Describe the relationship between these two variables. 2a) Briefly explain the reasons why you identified the variables above as independent or dependent. 2b) Describe the relationship between the independent and dependent variable in Experiment B. 2c) Consider Experiment B in which the variable V H O changed values between test tubes having 2 the same V NaOH (e.g, between test tubes B3 and B4). Was the relationship between the two variables N NaOH and Δ T affected by the variable V H O ? Support your reasoning using data from 2 the group file as evidence. [Hint: you may want to calculate average values of the dependent variable for each value of V H O ] 2 Based on experiment B, you can see that VH2O did impact the values of VNaOH based on Type of Variable Variable Name Experiment B Independent Variable NaOH solution Dependent Variable Temperature The NaOH solution stays constant which makes it independent. However, the temperature may increase or decrease since it’s dependent on the NaOH solution and Hal solution mixing together, meaning since the temperature isn’t a constant factor, it’s a dependent variable. As we’ve discussed in lecture, if there is an increase in temperature, the acid-base reaction will also have an increase in the reaction rate meaning that the relationship between the independent and dependent variable are proportional.
the average values. The average for the value of VH2O was around 2.5, when rounded it’s the number 3. The average for the value of VNaOH was 0.92 but when rounded was 1. The average values of the change in temperature for the differing values of VH2O was 4.88 but when rounded if 5. Overall, you can indicate that the average value of all changes in temperature for VNaOH can be seen to have been impacted by VH2O as the averages of these variables were not similar. 3. Two chemical systems, interaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide and the interaction between hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide, were investigated. Use the collection of data from the group file to plot volume of base (y-axis) versus volume of hydrochloric acid (x-axis) data from both systems. Use different markers to identify the different systems. Use the trend line function in Excel to plot the best-fit line for the class data. Be sure to check the box for the trend line to go through the origin, and check the box to display the equation of the trend line on the graph. 3a) 3b) How would the value of the slope of the trend line in the previous question change if the concentration of the hydrochloric acid was increased? Explain your reasoning. If the value of the slope of the trend line from the previous question had a correlation to the concentration of hydrochloric acid (which it does), the slope would be increasing if the concentration was also increased. This is because the volume of the base is increased, the equivalence point would increase as well since the amount of Hydrochloric acid needed to neutralize the reaction would need to increase as well.
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