Minerals HW - Chloe Yoshihiro

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Chemistry

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Dec 6, 2023

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GG 101L NAME Chloe Yoshihiro Semester: Fall 2020 SECTION (Weekday and time) Tuesday (1:30-4:20) Homework #1: MINERALS Homework: Read Chapters 1 and 2, and answer the following questions (this homework is due at the start of the Minerals lab): 1. What is the geologic definition of a mineral (list everything)? A mineral is a naturally occurring compound or chemical element made of atoms arranged in an orderly, repetitive pattern. Its chemical composition is expressed with a chemical formula. Both chemical composition and atomic arrangement characterize a mineral and determine its physical properties. 2. What is the value of quartz on the Mohs Hardness scale ?___7___ 3. What is the value of diamond on the Mohs Hardness scale ?__10___ 4. In reality (using the Knoop scale), how many times harder is diamond than quartz? Diamond is about 10x harder than Quartz. 5. What do you look for to identify cleavage planes in a mineral sample? Breaks along parallel flat surfaces. Individual cleavage surfaces may extend across the whole mineral specimen, or more commonly, they might be offset from each other by small amounts. Even though they are offset, they work as tiny mirrors that create a green flash. Cleavage planes may be helpful in mineral observation. 6. What is the chemical formula for Quartz? SiO2 7. What are striations? Very thin, parallel grooves. The grooves are present on only one of the two sets of cleavage and are best seen with a hand lens. They may not be visible on all parts of a cleavage surface. 8. Tables 2.2A - 2.2F allow you to sift through a number of observations and measurements while trying to identify mineral samples. What are 4 mineral properties that these tables use? Hardness, presence of streaks, presence of cleavage, and other properties that help with the identification.
9. List the most useful (according to the book) diagnostic property or properties of the following minerals: Galena: Has an obvious metallic luster and three perfect cleavages that intersect at 90º. High specific gravity (S.G.=7.5). Sulfur: Yellow, resinous or vitreous luster Calcite: Shows cleavage, the three directions of cleavage not at 90º to each other. (To distinguish calcite from dolomite, put a drop of dilute HCI on them. Bubbles strongly=calcite) Quartz: Conchoidal fracture, vitreous to somewhat greasy luster. Quartz comes in varying colors. Hardness of & (Mohs scale) Epidote: Pistachio green, yellowish green, H=6 to 7, S.G.=3.3 to 3.5, commonly occurs as a finely crystalline mass and does not show cleavage Please read the supplemental information ( Minerals_reading_latest.pdf ) in the supplemental reading folder on Laulima . It will be really useful for you to have access to your lab book during class.
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