Chapter 15 Problem Set KEY

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Apr 3, 2024

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CHEM 1411 Chapter 15 Problem Set Key Spring 2024 1 | P a g e Chapter 15 Problem Set Key 1. Define the following terms. a. Lewis acid Electron pair acceptor b. Lewis base Electron pair donor c. Formation constant K f The equilibrium constant for the formation of a coordination complex/complex ion. d. Dissociation constant K D The equilibrium constant for the dissociation of a coordination complex/complex ion. e. Solubility product constant K sp The equilibrium constant for solubility equilibria. 2. Determine whether the following statement is true or false. If it is false, explain why. A Lewis acid must have a lone pair of electrons. a. True b. False Explanation if false: Lewis acids are electron-pair acceptors ; Lewis bases must have a lone pair of electrons because they are electron-pair donors . 3. Complete the following dissolution reaction and write the K sp expression for each of the following reactions. a. MgCO 3 (s) Mg 2+ (aq) + CO 3 2 (aq) K sp = [Mg 2+ ][CO 3 2 ] b. Li 2 S (s) 2 Li + (aq) + S 2 (aq) K sp = [Li + ] 2 [S 2 ] c. SrF 2 (s) Sr 2+ (aq) + 2 F (aq) K sp = [Sr 2+ ] [F ] 2 d. Na 2 CrO 4 (s) 2 Na + + CrO 4 2─ K sp = [Na + ] 2 [CrO 4 2─ ] e. Ba(OH) 2 (s) Ba 2+ + 2 OH K sp = [Ba 2+ ][OH ] 2 f. Ag(S 2 O 3 ) 2 (s) Ag + + 2 S 2 O 3 2─ K sp = [Ag + ] [S 2 O 3 2─ ] 2 g. AlBr 3 (s) Al 3+ + 3 Br K sp = [Al 3+ ][Br ] 3 h. Cu(NO 3 ) 2 (s) Cu 2+ + 2 NO 3 K sp = [Cu 2+ ][NO 3 ] 2 Formation Constant Application 4. Consider the formation of silver diammonia, which has a K f = 1.7 × 10 7 . Ag + (aq) + 2 NH 3 (aq) [Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ] + (aq) a. Write the formation constant expression. 𝑲 ? = [??(?𝑯 ? ) ? + ] [?? + ][?𝑯 ? ] ?
CHEM 1411 Chapter 15 Problem Set Key Spring 2024 2 | P a g e b. Find the concentration of silver diammonia if [Ag + ] = 0.001 M and [NH 3 ] = 0.003 M. Express your answer to 3 sf. [Ag(NH 3 ) 2 + ] = 0.153 M _ 5. Consider the formation of iron (III) hexacyanide, which has a K f = 2 × 10 43 . Fe 3+ (aq) + 6 CN - (aq) [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3- (aq) a. Write the formation constant expression. 𝑲 ? = [𝑭?(??) 𝟔 ?− ] [𝑭? ?+ ][?? ] 𝟔 b. Find the concentration of cyanide after 86% of the initial concentration of Fe 3+ has been converted to [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3- . Express your answer to 3 sf. [CN - ] = 8.21 × 10 -8 M _ 6. Consider the formation of zinc tetroxide, which has a K f = 2 × 10 15 . Zn 2+ (aq) + 4 OH - (aq) [Zn(OH) 4 ] 2- (aq) a. Write the formation constant expression. 𝑲 ? = [??(?𝑯) ? ?− ] [?? ?+ ][?𝑯 ] ? b. Find the concentration of hydroxide after 42% of the initial concentration of Zn 2+ has been converted to [Zn(OH) 4 ] 2- . Express your answer to 3 sf. [OH - ] = 1.38 × 10 -4 M _
CHEM 1411 Chapter 15 Problem Set Key Spring 2024 3 | P a g e c. What is the pH after 42% of the initial concentration of Zn 2+ has been converted to [Zn(OH) 4 ] 2- ? pH = 10.14 _ K sp and Molar Solubility 7. What is the K sp variable dependent on? a. Concentrations of dissolution products b. Concentration of solid c. Temperature of the dissolution d. Volume of the solution 8. When can K sp values be compared to predict solubility at 25 °C? The compounds must have the same total number of ions in the formula. Example: one could compare the K sp ’s of AgCl, AgBr, CaCO 3 , and NiSO 4 but CaF 2 cannot be compared since it has 3 ions in total in the formula. a. Using this assumption, what solution at 25°C has the greatest solubility? Explain below. a. CaF 2 K sp = 3.2e-11 b. Tl 2 OH K sp = 6.0e-22 c. PbCl 2 K sp = 1.7e-5 d. Ba(IO 3 ) 2 K sp = 7.1e-11 Explanation of choice: Because all the compounds have the same total number of ions, it is known that PbCl 2 has the largest K sp so it has the greatest solubility. 9. Aqueous solutions of lithium carbonate and cadmium (II) chloride are combined, precipitating cadmium carbonate. a. Write the solubility equilibrium system for the formation of cadmium carbonate. Cd 2+ (aq) + CO 3 2- (aq) CdCO 3 (s) b. Write the K sp expression. 𝑲 ?? = [?? ?+ ][?? ? ?− ] c. Calculate the molar solubility of cadmium carbonate (M and g/L) if the K sp = 5.2 × 10 12 at 25˚C . s = 2.3 × 10 -6 M _ s = 3.9 × 10 -4 g/L _
CHEM 1411 Chapter 15 Problem Set Key Spring 2024 4 | P a g e d. Using the molar solubility, determine the concentrations of cadmium (II) and carbonate ions. [Cd 2+ ] = 2.3 × 10 -6 M _ [CO 3 2- ] = 2.3 × 10 -6 M _ 10. Aqueous solutions of sodium fluoride and magnesium nitrate are combined, precipitating magnesium fluoride. a. Write the solubility equilibrium system for the formation of magnesium fluoride. Mg 2+ (aq) + 2 F - (aq) MgF 2 (s) b. Write the K sp expression. 𝑲 ?? = [?? ?+ ][𝑭 ] ? c. Calculate the molar solubility of magnesium fluoride (M and g/L) if the K sp = 6.4 × 10 9 at 25˚C . s = 1.2 × 10 -3 M _ s = 0.073 g/L _ d. Using the molar solubility, determine the concentrations of magnesium and fluoride ions. [Mg 2+ ] = 1.2 × 10 -3 M _ [F - ] = 2.4 × 10 -3 M _ 11. Aqueous solutions of barium acetate and potassium phosphate are combined, precipitating barium phosphate. a. Write the solubility equilibrium system for the formation of barium phosphate. 3 Ba 2+ (aq) + 2 PO 4 3- (aq) Ba 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (s)
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