coagulation-1

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Western University *

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9112

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Chemistry

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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2

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Problem 3: Coagulation A water with low alkalinity of 12 mg/L as CaCO 3 will be treated with the alum-lime coagulation. Alum dosage is 55 mg/L. Determine the lime dosage needed to react with alum. Solution: Determine the amount of alum needed to react with the natural alkalinity MW of CaCO 3 = 40.08 + 12 + 3(16) = 100.1 MW of Ca (HCO 3 ) 2 = 40.08 + 2 (1 + 12 + 48) = 162.1 MW of Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 .18H 2 O = (27 x 2) + 3 (32 + 4 x 16) + 18 (2 +16)=666 Natural Alkalinity = 12 mg/L as CaCO 3 × 162.1 asCa ( HCO 3 ) 2 100.1 asCaCO 3 = 19.4 mg/L as Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 From reactions equation, 1 mole of alum reacts with 3 moles of Ca (HCO 3 ) 2 . Therefore, the quantity of alum to react with natural alkalinity (Y) Y= 19.4 mg/L as Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 × 1 × 666 asalum 3 × 162.1 asCa ( HCO 3 ) 2 = 26.6 mg/L The amount of alum remaining to react with lime is (dosage - Y ); 55 mg/L - 26.6 mg/L = 28.4 mg/L MW of Ca(OH) 2 = 40.1 + 2 (16 + 1) = 74.1 MW of CaO = 40.1 + 16 = 56.1 From reactions equation, 1 mole of alum reacts with 3 moles of Ca (OH) 2 . 3 Ca(OH) 2 + Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 3CaSO 4 +2 Al (OH) 3 Therefore, Ca(OH) 2 required = 28.4 mg/L alum × 3 × 74.1 Ca ( OH oOOooo ) 2 666 as alum = 9.48 mg/L as Ca(OH) 2 Dosage of lime required; = 9.48 mg/L as Ca(OH) 2 × 56.1 asCaO 74.1 as Ca ( OH ) 2 = 7.2 mg/L as CaO 1. Treatment of 35000 m 3 /day of water requires 20 mg/L of alum as a coagulant. The natural alkalinity of the water is equivalent to 4 mg/L of CaCO 3 . (a) What dosage of lime as CaO needs to be added in order to react with alum after the natural alkalinity is exhausted? (b) Determine the required quantities of quicklime (containing 80% CaO) and alum in kg/day.
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