IntroAcids - Group Report Template

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Chemistry

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Apr 3, 2024

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Acids, Bases, and pH Group Report Include your name and your lab partner’s name and submit the same file to both partners’ Canvas accounts if and only if both of you collaborated on this report. Do not modify or remove the question text. Do not use bold font in your answers. Do not use red text in your answers. Module 1 Acid Strength 1. Include a copy of the plot of log(conductivity) vs. pH. Table 1. Log(conductivity) vs. pH. 2. Describe the trend your data shows between log(conductivity) and pH does your data show. The data shows a downward trend between log(conductivity) and pH. As pH increases, log(conductivity) decreases. 3. Which of the acids in this module are strong acids? You can look up a list of common strong acids in almost any chemistry resource . Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid, HC. 4. Explain why you should expect most strong acids to give the same pH as each other if they are prepared at the same concentration. If the strong acids have the same molarity, they will have the same concentration of H + ions, therefore, the same pH.

5. Your measurement sulfuric acid in water should have a slightly lower pH than other strong acids. What is different about sulfuric acid that would explain this? ( Hint: Look at the molecular formula of sulfuric acid.) Unlike many of the other acids, sulfuric acid has two ionizable hydrogens for every molecule, giving it a low pH. Module 2 Acids, Bases, and Salts 6. Compare the indicated pH of each species in module 2 to that of water and indicate for each of the first 12 species, which are acidic, basic, and neutral compared to water. The acidic species are HC 2 H 3 O 2 , Fe(NO 3 ) 3 , HNO 3 , and Al(NO 3 ), the basic species are NaOH, NaC 2 H 3 O 2 , Na 2 CO 3 , NaHCO 3 , Na 3 PO 4 , and NH 4 OH, the neutral species are H 2 O and NaCl. Similarly, some bases are easily identified by the presence of the hydroxide ion directly in their formula. 7. Many acidic compounds have a loosely bound hydrogen atom that can be easily donated as an H + ion. a. Which of the Module II compounds fit(s) this description? Some of the module II compounds that fit this description are HNO 3 and Al(NO 3 ) 3 . Both compounds are strong acids and will easily donate H+ ions. On the other hand, other acidic compounds such as HC 2 H 3 O 2 are weak acids, or acidic salts such as Fe(NO 3 ) 3 and Al(NO 3 ) 3 are acidic salts and do not give up H+ ions as easily. b. Write a chemical reaction for one of these compounds showing how it can lower the pH of water. HNO 3 (g) + H 2 O (l) → H 3 O + (aq) + NO 3 - (aq) 8. Many basic compounds have a hydroxide ion (OH − ) as part of the formula, which becomes dissociated and part of the water solution when the compound is dissolved in water. a. Which of the Module II compounds fit(s) this description? Some of the Module II compounds that fit this description are NaOH, NaC 2 H 3 O 2 , Na 2 CO 3 , and NaHCO 3 . b. Write a chemical reaction for one of these compounds showing how it can raise the pH of water. NaHCO 3 _ (s) + H 2 O (l) → Na + (aq) + HCO 3 - (aq) 9. Some compounds can lower the pH of water even without having a hydrogen in the formula. a. Which of the Module II compound(s) fit(s) this description? NaCl would fit this description.

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