BIOS251 W2 Lab Instructions (done)

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Capella University *

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Chemistry

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Apr 3, 2024

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Week 2 Lab Instructions Chemistry Basics Activity Deliverable Points Part A Measuring pH using pH Strip 3 Part B Measuring pH using pH Meter 6 Part C Strong Acids as Buffers 4 Part D Comparing Antacids 8 Part E Solutions 3 Reflection 10-14 Sentence Reflection 6 References: 1. Saladin   Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function Step 1: Read the Entire Lab Packet 1.0 – Read through the laboratory packet – SEE ATTACHED SHEETS Step 2: Come to the Lab with Proper PPE BACKGROUND: Acids and Bases As you studied in your weekly modules, the pH is the measure of proton (H + ) concentration in a solution. The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution. With few exceptions for exceptionally strong acids and bases, pH values fall between 0 and 14. Acids have low pH values that range from 0 to less than 7 while bases have higher pH values that range from greater than 7 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral and is the pH of pure water. Buffers As you learned in your modules this week, buffers resist pH change. To further explore this property, phosphate buffer was prepared. Phosphate buffers are the type of buffer used for storing contacts, ensuring a pH of near the natural pH of the eye. Solutions As a review, the term solute refers to the minor portion of the solution and the term solvent is the major, more abundant portion of the solution. Keep in mind that in solutions, the solute and solvent do not separate when allowed to stand. BIOS251 Week 2 Lab Instructions Page 1 of 10
PURPOSE: In this lab, you will be asked to explore important chemicals and chemical properties. You will learn how to measure pH of solutions with different techniques and how they compare. You will also learn about the concept of neutralization, the behavior of acids in water and buffers, and how to prepare solutions of different concentrations. MATERIALS: Each lab group will observe demonstrations prepared by your instructor. You will also need to print off a copy of this lab document. A copy of the lab report for each member of your group A writing utensil PREPARATION: Read your lab in its entirety before coming to class. Clear your workstation of all unnecessary materials. Book bags and or purses should be hung on hooks or places at the front of class. Make sure all other unnecessary materials (coats, drink containers, unused textbooks, etc.) are all stored and placed in a safe area out of the way. Obtain all materials listed above. Familiarize yourself with your lab materials. Follow the directions of the packet and as presented by your instructor. Be aware of the instructions for documenting your lab work. You will be performing the lab in a group but will each be responsible for recording your own data and creating your own lab report. ACTIVITY: o Read through each table and question on the observation report and fill in the appropriate answers. Make sure you are answering each question completely for full credit. You may use any of the provided resources (textbook, lecture materials, etc.) to accurately answer. BIOS251 Week 2 Lab Instructions Page 2 of 10
OBSERVATION REPORT: W2 Lab Worksheet Chemistry Basics Measuring pH In our bodies, different areas of our bodies have different optimal pH levels. For example, blood generally has a pH range of 7.35 to 7.45. In the experiment below, you will be looking at a series of common household chemicals to explore pH. Part A: Measuring the pH of solutions with a graded pH strip. Materials: DI water, lemon juice, 10% bleach, unknown solutions Method: 1. Obtain pH strips. 2. Dip graded pH strips in the given solution. Use a new strip for each solution. 3. Please use the pH guide above along with the images of the pH strips in Table 1 to estimate pH and determine if the solution is acidic or basic. Table 1: Solution Color description pH value Acid or base DI water Yellow 6 Acid Unknown A Red 1 Acid Unknown B Black 11 Base Lemon Juice Orange 3 Acid 10% Bleach Green 9 Base Part B: Measuring pH using a pH meter pH can also be measured using a pH meter. These pH meters are able to measure the level of H + ions in a solution and react accordingly by delivering a pH value. Measure each of the solutions listed above by dipping a pH meter into the solution and recording the values in the table below. BIOS251 Week 2 Lab Instructions Page 3 of 10
Table 2: Solution pH value using a pH meter pH values using strips from part A Conclusion: Acid or base DI water 8.1 6 Acid Unknown A 2.0 1 Acid Unknown B 12.2 11 Base Lemon Juice 2.5 3 Acid 10% Bleach 6.8 9 Base Questions: 1. Unknown solutions A and B are 0.1 M solutions of either HCl or NaOH. According to your pH measurements, which is which? Solution A is HCI and Solution B is NaOH. 2. What trends do you notice about the acidic chemicals? The lower the number the more acidic they are. 3. Based on the pH of the blood sample, do you feel that this sample came from a healthy individual? Blood pH range is between 7.35-7.45. Part C: How does a strong acid effect the pH of a buffer? Description of experiment: In an experiment to measure the effect of a buffers, strong acid was added dropwise to two different beakers, one of water and one of phosphate buffer solution. Below are the results of this experiment. BIOS251 Week 2 Lab Instructions Page 4 of 10
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