Experiment- Kinetics

You determine the bimolecular rate constant k for a set of SN2 reactions. Based on your understanding of how the nucleophile effects the rate constant for an SN2 reaction, drag and drop the nucleophiles into the correct rows in the table below. Alkyl halide Nucleophile k / L mol-1 s-1 CI 0.011 -CI 0.045 0.074 0.095 -NH2 -NH2 >-NH2 -NH2 -NH2

Subject-- chemistry

Consider this reaction: Br CH;OH Br-Br H3CO The mechanism proceeds through a first cationic intermediate, intermediate 1. Nucleophilic attack leads to intermediate 2, which goes on to form the final product. In cases that involve a negatively charged nucleophile, the attack of the nucleophile leads directly to the product. Br + CH3OH Br Intermediate 1 Intermediate 2 (product) In a similar fashion, draw intermediate 1 and intermediate 2 (final product) for the following reaction. OH + Br2 + HBr Br racemic mixture

Do not give handwriting solution.

Consider the given reaction in which NC−NC− is the nucleophile and CH3CNCH3CN is the solvent. The reactant molecule has a structure with solid and dashed wedge bonds. A solid wedge () is used to show the bond that is above the plane of the paper, and a dashed wedge () is used to show the bond that is behind the plane of the paper. Draw the product of the following reaction:

Heterolysis of the C–Z bond can generate a carbocation or a carbanion. Explain How ?

For a reversible reaction at an equilibrium:   The rate of the reaction forward is the same as that of the reaction in reverse. The rate constant for the reaction forward is the same as that for the reverse. The free energy of substrate is the same as that of product. No conversion of substrate to product, and product to substrate occurs. Position of an equilibrium does not depend on substrate and product concentration , only on the magnitude of equilibrium constant.

25. Study the following reaction energy diagram:

a) Consider the reaction of HBr with ethylene and propylene. At roomtemperature the reaction of propylene with HBr is much faster than thereaction with ethylene.Using reaction energy diagrams and your knowledge of carbocationstability explain why this is so. b) Xylene (dimethylbenzene) is a commonly used chemical in the printingindustry and as a cleaning solvent for oily waste. It is also used whenpreparing histological samples to remove waxes from biological samples.Draw the three possible structures for this compound and give the UPACnames for each. Define which structures are ortho, meta, and para.

Increasing the concentration of either of the reactants of an Sn2 reaction increases the rate of the reaction. The primary reason for this is that increasing the concentration increases

The conversion of (CH3)3CI to (CH3)2C=CH2 can occur by either a onestepor a two-step mechanism, as shown in Equations [1] and [2]. Question: Assume Equation [2] represents an endothermic reaction and that the product of the rate-determining step is higher in energy than thereactants or products. Draw an energy diagram for this two-stepreaction. Label the axes, reactants and products for each step, and theEa and ΔHo for each step. Label ΔHo overall. Draw the structure for bothtransition states.

Write the mechanism for the following reaction. 1. Et₂N, heat 2. Br

In the second paragraph you should explain why 2-chloro-2-methylpropane reacts with water via the SN1 mechanism instead of the SN2 mechanism, and then write the steps in the mechanism for this reaction. Then write the balanced equation for the reaction between 2-methyl-2-chloropropane and water. One of the products of this reaction is HCl. The rate at which HCl is produced is equal to the rate at which 2-chloro-2-methylpropane is consumed. In this experiment, the HCI will be neutralized by incremental addition of a sodium hydroxide solution. Write the balanced equation for the reaction between NaOH and HCI.

What is the value of the rate law constant for the reaction shown in the picture? a) -1.9 x10^4 b) +1.9 x 10^4 c) -5.2 x 10^-5 d) +5.2 x 10^-5 e) +6.2

For each reaction in question 20, sketch a reaction coordinate energy diagram indicating the starting materials, transition states and any intermediates, if present, in the reaction. Don't worry about the absolute energy of starting materials and products but you can assume that the product is more stable than the starting materials.

Consider the pair of reactions. Draw the organic products, then predict the type of substitution mechanism and compare the expected rates. Reaction 1: H20 : Br: product 1 + Reaction 2: H20 product 2 `Cl:

There are two mechanisms by which each of the C1 atoms in the following molecule can be replaced by another group: ⚫ Mechanism 1: The C1 atom can be replaced with a concerted, bimolecular step. Mechanism 2: The C1 atom can be replaced in several steps, the slowest of which is unimolecular. Highlight in red the C1 atom that would be replaced the fastest if the reaction went Mechanism 1. Highlight in blue the C1 atom that would be replaced the fastest if the reaction went Mechanism 2. If you would choose the same C1 to be replaced fastest by both mechanisms, highlight it in green instead. C1 cl. C1

Please don't provide handwritten solution

Subject: chemistry

Explain why methyl alcohol reacts with HBr faster than other primary alcohols?

Using the following data determine the reaction order and rate constant for the reaction: H2CO3(aq) --> H+(aq) + HCO3-(aq).

Propose an intermolecular interaction that explains how protic solvents affect nucleophiles? Draw an example of this.

Draw the most stable resonance form for the intermediate in the following electrophilic substitution reaction. CH3 CH3 CH3COCI/ AICI3 H₂C. You do not have to consider stereochemistry. Include all valence lone pairs in your answer. • In cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one.

The rate of elimination of cis-1-bromo-4(1,1-dimethyl)cyclohexane is proportional to the concentration of both substrate and base, but that of the trans isomer is proportional only to the concentration of the substrate. a) draw the structures of cis and trans 1-bromo-4(1,1,-dimethyl)cyclohexane b) explain the difference in kinetics between the elimination reaction of cis and trans isomers.