HW1

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San Jose State University *

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Computer Science

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Apr 30, 2024

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HW 1 (Total 100 points) Q1. // 5 points What must the CPU for each machine below be “primarily” optimized for - computing power (throughput), execution latency, energy consumption, area, redundancy, reliability (against extreme temperature, vibration, radiation etc) ? There may be multiple optimization parameters, please select a few “main or defining parameters”. a. Laptop b. Microcontroller to control location of the arm of a radiotherapy machine. c. Smart watch d. Supercomputer e. A Google search server Q2. // 5 points We studied the 7 great ideas of computer design. Which great idea is manifested in each of the following examples from other domains/ everyday life. a. Pizza shop sending multiple delivery drivers to deliver the various delivery orders in the city b. A busy CEO using a hierarchy to access files, so recently/ frequently needed files are on the table, less frequent ones in the files cabinet and least frequent ones in the store room. c. Industrial assembly line d. Suspension bridge cables e. A C programmer writing a text input parsing software, writes a switch case that checks for the next character. She/ he enumerates the cases for the switch in the decreasing order of probabilities in the English language, so case ‘e’ is checked first, case ‘a’ is second …. case ’x’ is checked last etc. Q3. // 5 points (1 + 1 + 3) The Pentium 4 Prescott processor, released in 2004, had a clock rate of 3.6 GHz and voltage of 1.25 V. Assume that, on average, it consumed 10 W of static power and 90 W of dynamic power. The Core i5 Ivy Bridge, released in 2012, has a clock rate of 3.4 GHz and voltage of 0.9 V. Assume that, on average, it consumed 30 W of static power and 40 W of dynamic power. a. For each processor find the average capacitive loads. b. Find the percentage of the total dissipated power comprised by static power and the ratio of static power to dynamic power for each technology.

c. If the total dissipated power is to be reduced by 10%, how much should the voltage be reduced to maintain the same leakage current? Note: power is defined as the product of voltage and current. Q4. //5 points (1 + 2 + 2) Is Moore’s law expected to hold on in coming years ? What about Amdahl’s law ? What about LIttle’ law ? Q5. //5 points (3 + 1 + 1) a. In the IBM 360 Models 65 and 75, addresses are staggered in two separate main memory units (e.g., all even-numbered words in one unit and all odd-numbered words in another). What might be the purpose of this technique? b. While browsing at Billy Bob’s computer store, you overhear a customer asking Billy Bob what is the fastest computer in the store that he can buy. Billy Bob replies, “You’re looking at our Macintoshes. The fastest Mac we have runs at a clock speed of 1.2 GHz. If you really want the fastest machine, you should buy our 2.4-GHz Intel Pentium IV instead.” Is Billy Bob correct? What would you say to help this customer? c. The ENIAC, a precursor to the ISA machine, was a decimal machine, in which each register was represented by a ring of 10 vacuum tubes. At any time, only one vacuum tube was in the ON state, representing one of the 10 decimal digits. Assuming that ENIAC had the capability to have multiple vacuum tubes in the ON and OFF state simultaneously, why is this representation “wasteful” and what range of integer values could we represent using the 10 vacuum tubes? Q6. // 20 points (10 * 2) For each of the following examples, determine whether this is an embedded system, explaining why or why not. 1. Are programs that understand physics and/or hardware embedded? For example, one that uses finite-element methods to predict fluid flow over airplane wings? 2. Is the internal microprocessor controlling a disk drive an example of an embedded system? 3. I/O drivers control hardware, so does the presence of an I/O driver imply that the computer executing the driver is embedded?

4. Is a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) an embedded system? 5. Is the microprocessor controlling a cell phone an embedded system? 6. Are the computers in a big phased-array radar considered embedded? These radars are 10-story buildings with one to three 100-foot diameter radiating patches on the sloped sides of the building. 7. Is a traditional flight management system (FMS) built into an airplane cockpit considered embedded? 8. Are the computers in a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulator embedded? 9. Is the computer controlling a pacemaker in a person’s chest an embedded computer? 10.Is the computer controlling fuel injection in an automobile engine embedded? Q7. // 15 points (5 + 5 + 5) A benchmark program is run on a 40 MHz processor. The executed program consists of 100,000 instruction executions, with the following instruction mix and clock cycle count: Determine the effective CPI , MIPS rate, and execution time for this program. Q8 // 10 points (5 + 5)

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