Elexus Brooks- Bonus Assignment 1

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Feb 20, 2024

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Elexus Brooks Bonus Assignment Chapter 14 review questions: 1. Provide an example of an investment. a. Purchase of stocks and bonds 2. What is the benefit of using present discounted value analysis? a. The benefit of using present discounted value analysis is that it helps compare payments that occur across different time periods. 3. When will an investment’s net present value be positive? Given its sign, should you invest in this project? a. An investment’s net present value will be positive when the present discounted value of its benefits outweighs the present discounted value of its costs. This means that the investment is worthwhile. 4. What advantage does net present value analysis have over the use of payback periods to evaluate investment decisions? a. Net present value analysis considers the present-day value costs and benefits of an investment. 5. What is the approximate relationship between an investment’s nominal interest rate and its real interest rate? a. An investment’s nominal interest rate expresses rates of return in raw currency values. Real interest rate expresses rates of return in terms of purchasing power. 6. How can expected value be used to evaluate risky investments? a. Expected values considers the uncertainty associated with an investment by using the probability that an investment payout will occur. 7. What is the value of insurance to a risk averse consumer? a. It benefits a risk averse consumer because it reduces the uncertainty associated with a given investment or situation. The reduced uncertainty increases the policyholder’s expected utility. 8. Why do we consider diversification a key function of insurance markets? a. Insurance companies insure consumers that the companies can rely on diversification to reduce their own risk and earn profits on their policies. Chapter 15 review questions: 1. Describe the two branches of general equilibrium analysis. a. Mechanics of market interactions and illustrates how various market features affect the size and direction of equilibrium effects in all these markets. b. Whether economy wide market equilibria are efficient or equitable
2. Social welfare functions combine the utility levels of everyone in society into a single index. List three types of social welfare functions and discuss what they mean. a. Utilitarian social welfare function- a mathematical function that computes society’s welfare as the sum of every individual’s welfare. b. Rawlsian social welfare function- a mathematical function that computes society’s welfare as the welfare of the worst-off individual. c. Egalitarian social welfare function- the belief that the ideal society is one in which everyone is equally well off 3. How do economists generally define efficiency in a market? a. Most economists consider a market’s efficiency using the concept of Pareto efficiency. A Pareto-efficient allocation is when you cannot reallocate the goods without making at least one individual worse off than before. 4. What are the three requirements of an efficient market? a. It must exhibit exchange, input, and output efficiency. 5. What can the Edgeworth box be used to examine? What does an Edgeworth box plot? a. The Edgeworth box can be used to examine market efficiency, including exchange, input, and output efficiency. It plots the allocation of two goods between two economic actors (consumers or firms). 6. What is the relationship between consumers’ marginal rates of substitution and the goods’ prices in an efficient market? How can this relationship be seen in an Edgeworth box? a. Two goods are allocated efficiently when the consumers’ marginal rates of substitution are equal to the ratio of the goods’ prices. A Pareto-efficient allocation can be found at the tangency between the two consumers’ indifference curves. 7. How does the consumption contract curve relate to Pareto efficiency? a. The contract curve is the line that shows the collection of all possible Pareto efficient allocations. 8. What does input efficiency imply about the relationship between the marginal rate of technical substitution and input prices? How can this relationship be seen in an Edgeworth box? a. An economy exhibits input efficiency when the two firms’ marginal rates of technical substitution equal the ratio of the wage rate to the capital rental rate. An efficient input allocation can be found at the tangency between the two firms’ isoquants. 9. How does the production contract curve relate to Pareto efficiency? a. The production contract curve is the line that shows the collection of all possible Pareto efficient input allocations.
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