Health economics 4-2 Short Paper_ Socioeconomic Barriers to Change

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Apr 3, 2024

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Healthcare Economics 4-2 Short Paper: Socioeconomic Barriers to Change Kelly Gray Healthcare Economics The public health issue that I decided to choose is child obesity. Childhood obesity is one of the most alarming and threatening health issues of today in the United States. An estimated 39 million kids under the age of 5 years old and over 150 million kids between the ages of 5-19 were obese or overweight in 2020 (World health organization, 2020) It is estimated that the numbers will skyrocket to 245 million by the year of 2030. The pandemic also has increased children’s BMI (body mass index) in school age and preschool children. There are 432,302 children in the United States that are currently dealing with this dangerous issue. Being an overweight child can increase the chances of being overweight as an adult. There can be short term and long term effects. Obesity can hurt a child inside and out and there needs to be some type of intervention in place to minimize this extreme issue. There are a lot of different things that can be changed and prevented when it comes to a child’s eating patterns. Adopting a healthy meal pattern for your child with support can help maintain and reach a healthy weight. Eating healthy whole grains, fruit, vegetables, low fat dairy and lean proteins that follow nutrition guidelines can be very substantial to the health of a child. Another way to prevent child obesity is to make sure children are active and exercising regularly. A lot of children are not active due to social media, watching TV, sitting around eating unhealthy snacks and playing video games. Children that are physically active have stronger bones and muscles, lower body fat and better cardiovascular fitness than the children that are not as active. Children that are 3-5 years old should be physically active everyday throughout the day and children from the ages of 6-17 years old should be physically active for 60-120 minutes a day.
Making family activities an affair can really help motivate a child to stay healthy. Running, walking a pet, and going to the park, riding bikes and even some household chores such as vacuuming, raking leaves, cleaning up the yard and washing the family vehicle all count as being active. A child that has good sleeping patterns can also help prevent injuries, diabetes, problems with behavior or attention, and obesity. Kids that don’t receive enough sleep at night are at high risk for unhealthy weight gain. Screen Time can also be a huge factor that can lead to less sleep, low grades, mental health issues, and weight gain. Limiting screen time to children can help remove cues to eating unhealthy food. Having a low socioeconomic status is one of the biggest risk factors to a child when it comes to obesity, and as the age gap gets larger within our society we can expect the influence of obesity to increase even more. Becoming a parent is a drastic life changing event and it requires a lot of responsibility. Families that have low socioeconomic status are characterized by lack of money, lack of cohesion, awareness, neglect, mental health issues and addiction resulting in insecure and harsh settings for children and young infants. Emotionally rewarding children with junk food is pervasive in our environment. Constantly giving children junk food to children as a reward for behaving or doing what’s right is also what's making children obese. Research also suggests that hedonic responses and adaptations in the brain from eating junk food are similar to drug use. (Ziaudden H. Alonso, Obesity and the neurocognitive basis of food reward and the control of intake adv nutr. 2015; 6(4) 474-486). Disparities by race and ethnicity still persist. In 2020-2021 non hispanic asian children had the lowest obesity rate (10.1%) Followed by non hispanic white children (13.0%) The obesity rates are significantly higher for non hispanic black children (22.0%) and also hispanic children (22.4%). There are also huge differences based on household income. In 2020-2021, obesity rates ranged from 9.2% among youth that are in the wealthiest income group to 24% among youth in the poorest income group. Living in high poverty areas has been linked to higher prevalence of diabetes and obesity in children. Area based socioeconomic measures including house value, property taxes, and poverty levels, provide a more objective way to assess the wealth or lack of wealth in a neighborhood. When women lose their manufacturing jobs, the economy growth and the growing number of women in the labor force have been associated with a dramatic sway in family eating habits from mothers not wanting to cook healthy meals and replacing them with snacks and fast food. (Cutler D.M Why have American Children Become More Obese? NBER working paper no.9446, 2008) There are many foundations and organizations that support lower income families with childhood obesity. The Gastrol Foundation wants to eradicate childhood obesity through research, data driven programming, and to illuminate the crisis of childhood obesity. By overcoming the issues of childhood obesity, the program is attempting to build a world where children can enter adulthood mentally and physically equipped to thrive in. This program focuses on prevention strategies, research and programmatic work and advocacy. There are many targeted approaches to improving childhood nutrition in
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