ACC453 HW5

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Economics

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Apr 3, 2024

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Chapter 11: Conceptual and Analytical Problems #11 You are in charge of setting policies for implementing construction loans at a bank once the loan officer has approved the borrowers’ applications. (Construction loans finance the development of a structure during the building process and are later converted to mortgages.) How would you protect your bank’s interests? (LO3) I would implement a policy related to collateral. Specify collateral for the loan, such as the land upon which the structure is to be built. For business structures, other options like inventory or purchasing a certificate of deposit could be considered. Collateral provides the bank with recourse in case of default and encourages borrowers to act responsibly to protect their assets. In action can better protect the bank’s interest. #14 Suppose two types of firms wish to borrow in the bond market. Firms of type A are in good financial health and are relatively low risk. The appropriate premium over the risk-free rate of lending to these firms is 2 percent. Firms of type B are in poor financial health and are relatively high risk. The appropriate premium over the risk-free rate of lending to these firms is 6 percent. As an investor, you have no other information about these firms except that type A and type B firms exist in equal numbers. (LO2) A: At what interest rate would you be willing to lend if the risk-free rate were 5 percent? It will be 9% B: Would this market function well? What type of asymmetric information problem does this example illustrate? No. This scenario exemplifies adverse selection, a form of asymmetric information problem. In this case, only the less favorable firms, namely type B firms with higher risk, are willing to borrow. #17 *The island of Utopia has a very unusual economy. Everyone on Utopia knows everyone else and knows all about the firms they own and operate. The financial system is well developed on Utopia. Everything else being equal, how would you expect the mix on Utopia between internal finance (where companies use their own funds such as retained earnings) and external funding (where companies obtain funds through financial markets) to compare with other countries? What role would financial intermediaries play in this economy? (LO1)
I would expect external finance to be more important. Financial intermediaries can reduce transaction costs and can play an important role in the economy. While firms may rely on their own funds because they know everyone else, financial intermediaries would facilitate the allocation of capital by providing various financial services and products. #20 Upon graduation, both you and your roommate receive your first credit cards with identical features. You use your card extensively to make purchases, always paying your credit card balance in a timely manner so that you incur no interest cost. Your roommate pays for everything in cash, reserving the credit card only for an emergency that never happened. After two years, you both look for a new credit card. Explain why you are offered a new card at a much lower interest rate than your roommate, despite both of you working in similar jobs for the same income. (LO2) After two years of building credit by borrowing and repaying on time, my actions give the credit card company enough information to reassess my creditworthiness. On the other hand, while my roommate also acted responsibly, his behavior didn't offer enough new data for the credit card company to justify a similar reassessment. #22 Use a core principle from Chapter 1 to explain why, everything else being equal, a software company might find it more expensive to issue debt than a furniture store? (LO1) The risk and return principal explain this concept. As tech company are riskier, when a software company seeks to issue debt, investors will typically require a higher interest rate to purchase the company's bonds compared to a furniture store. On the other hand, a furniture operate in a more stable industry, which is the reason why it can be cheaper for them to issue debt. Chapter 12: Conceptual and Analytical Problems #2 Consider a bank with the following balance sheet, as shown on the next page. You read online that the bank’s return on assets (ROA) was 1 percent. What were the bank’s after-tax profits? (LO2)
0.01 * 2100 = 210 #3 Based on the following information about Banks A and B, compute for each bank its return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and leverage ratio. (LO2) A: Bank A has net profit after taxes of $1.8 million and the following balance sheet: ROA: 1.9% ROE: 18% Leverage: 10.5% B: Bank B has net profit after taxes of $1 million and the following balance sheet: ROA: 1.25%
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