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Economics
Date
Apr 3, 2024
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Second Midterm
You have 50 minutes to answer 32 questions. Good luck!
1. Subjective evaluation of probabilities can exhibit
(A) the law of small numbers;
(B) selfishness;
(C) altruism;
(D) all of the above.
Answer: A
2. Confirmation bias can explain
(A) overconfidence;
(B) ambiguity aversion;
(C) risk aversion;
(D) all of the above.
Answer: A
3. Consider a game with two players (Alice and Bob) and payoffs
Bob Bob
s
1
s
2
Alice,s
1
1
,
1
0
,
0
Alice,s
2
0
,
0
1
,
1
This game has
(A) a dominant strategy equilibrium;
(B) an iterated dominant strategy equilibrium;
(C) two Nash equilibria in pure strategies;
(D) none of the above.
Answer: C
4. Behavioral evidence suggests that the two agents are most likely to coordinate on the strategy
s
1 if
(A) Alice can announce her plans prior to playing the game;
(B) Alice and Bob randomize and play both strategies with equal probabilities;
(C) both Alice and Bob can make such announcements;
(D) none of them can announce anything prior to playing the game.
Answer: A or C
5. Which of the following games have equilibria in dominant strategies?
(A) coordination games;
(B) first-price auctions;
(C) beauty contest games;
(D) none of the above.
Answer: D
6. Spiteful behaviors are often observed in
(A) centipede games;
(B) beauty contest games;
(C) ultimatum bargaining games;
(D) all of the above.
Answer: C
7. Behavioral data suggests that the subjects can do better (get higher payoffs) than the theoretical
equilibria predict in
(A) centipede games;
(B) coordination games with cheap talk;
(C) stag-hunt games with cheap talk;
(D) all of the above.
Answer: D
8. The ultimatum bargaining game has an equilibrium where the dictator offers 0 (or the smallest mone-
tary unit) to the recipient, and the recipient accepts. This equilibrium assumes
(A) selfishness and backward induction;
(B) altruism and backward induction;
(C) altruism and spite;
(D) randomization and spite.
Answer: A
9. Consider a public-good game where each of 8 players has a
10 endowment and their contributions
to the “public good” are multiplied by a factor of 5 and then shared equally. Then it is a dominant
strategy to share
(A)
0;
(B)
1;
(C)
9;
(D)
10. Answer: A
10. Your answer in the previous question assumes that
(A) all subjects maximize expected utility;
(B) all subjects are altruistic;
(C) all subjects are selfish;
(D) all of the above.
Answer: C
11. Consider three bidders who have private values that are independently and uniformly distributed
between 0 and 100. Suppose that these values happen to be
v
1
= 12,
v
2
= 60, and
v
3
= 34. Then the
equilibrium price in the second-price auction is
(A) 12;
(B) 60;
(C) 34;
(D) 40. Answer: C
12. (continued) The equilibrium price in the first-price auction is
(A) 12;
(B) 60;
(C) 34;
(D) 40. Answer: D
13. (continued) The equilibrium price in the English auction is
(A) 12;
(B) 60;
(C) 34;
(D) 40. Answer: C
14. (continued) The equilibrium price in the Dutch auction is
(A) 12;
(B) 60;
(C) 34;
(D) 40. Answer: D
15. The equilibria in these auctions
(A) are all in dominant strategies;
(B) exhibit Winner’s Curse;
(C) on average, second-price auction generates higher equilibrium prices than the first-price;
(D) none of the above.
Answer: D
16. The overbidding in exotic auctions is best explained by
(A) altruism;
(B) sunk-cost fallacy and failures to randomize the bidding strategies;
(C) selfishness;
(D) risk aversion.
Answer: B
17. In experiments, the theoretical prediction for the equilibrium price is most likely to hold for
(A) the Dutch auction;
(B) the English auction;
(C) the second-price auction;
(D) the first-price auction.
Answer: B
18. In experiments with randomly assigned private values, the lowest average revenue among the four basic
auction types (Dutch, English, first-price, second-price) is typically generated by
(A) first-price;
(B) second-price;
(C) English;
(D) Dutch. Answer: C
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The following table lists the eight possible combinations for bidder values. Each combination is equally likely to occur.
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Combination Number
Bidder 1 Value
Bidder 2 Value
Bidder 3 Value
Probability
Price
($)
($)
($)
1
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$88
$88
0.125
2
$88
$88
$110
0.125
3
$88
$110
$88
0.125
4
$88
$110
$110
0.125
5
$110
$88
$88
0.125
6
$110
$88
$110
0.125
7
$110
$110
$88
0.125
8
$110
$110
$110
0.125
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QUESTION 24
A deck of 52 playing cards consists of 4
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