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1 EC 371 Ivan Kandilov Boston University Fall 2023 Homework Set # 3 (Due by 11:59pm on Sun., Nov. 12) 1. Which one of the following statements is true? a)
Global proven reserves of oil have steadily declined in recent decades. b)
Peak global oil production occurred around 2010. c)
Peak oil demand may have already occurred due to the COVID pandemic. d)
Per unit of energy, oil produces more carbon emissions than coal. e)
The price of oil is less volatile than the price of other energy sources. 2. Which one of the following statements is false? a)
China is the world’s largest consumer of coal. b)
Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel source globally. c)
As a result of the COVID pandemic, global demand for coal may have already peaked. d)
Coal is the most environmentally destructive energy source. e)
The world’s coal reserves may be depleted within 50 years. 3. About what percent of the world’s energy use comes from fossil fuels? a)
95% b)
80% c)
65% d)
50% e)
40% 4. What is the main reason why some people advocate for an expansion of nuclear energy? a)
It is the only energy sources that will never be depleted. b)
It is much safer than in the past. c)
It is the cheapest energy sources. d)
It creates the most jobs per unit of energy. e)
It results in low carbon emissions.
2 5. The optimal level of pollution occurs where ... a)
total benefits equal total costs. b)
marginal benefits equal marginal costs. c)
private costs are minimized. d)
private benefits are maximized. e)
average revenue equals average cost. 6. Annual automobile emissions testing is an example of which type of pollution policy? a)
Tradable permits b)
Pollution taxes c)
Pollution subsidies d)
Setting property rights e)
Pollution standards 7. An emissions standard will work best in which of the following cases? a)
The marginal cost of pollution reduction curve is relatively flat. b)
The marginal cost of pollution reduction curve is relatively steep. c)
All firms have similar equipment and technology. d)
The health effects of a pollutant are relatively unknown. e)
Firms have very different equipment and technology. 8. Which one of the following statements is false regarding a tradable pollution permit system? a)
Each firm will operate in an economically efficient manner. b)
Total pollution levels in a region can be set by the government. c)
The price of a permit will vary with changes in technology. d)
The permit price is set by the government. e)
Social benefits can be maximized. 9. For a pollutant like lead, which causes health effects to local residents even at very low levels, which regulatory approach would be most effective for eliminating any health threats? a)
Emissions standards b)
Tradable permits c)
Pollution taxes d)
Pollution subsidies e)
Ecolabeling
3 10. Tradable permits are likely to result in less inefficiency, relative to a pollution tax, when ... a)
the marginal costs of damages are steep and the marginal costs of pollution reduction are relatively stable. b)
the marginal costs of damages are steep and the marginal costs of pollution reduction are steep. c)
the marginal costs of damages are relatively stable and the marginal costs of pollution reduction are relatively stable. d)
the marginal costs of damages are relatively stable and the marginal costs of pollution reduction are steep. e)
the marginal costs of damage are elastic and the marginal costs of pollution reduction are also elastic. 11. As emissions levels stabilize for a stock pollutant ... a)
health and other impacts also stabilize. b)
health and other impacts begin to decrease. c)
health and other impacts continue to increase. d)
health and other impacts may increase or decrease. e)
health and other impacts are reduced to zero. For Questions 12 and 13 refer to the graph below. Pollution
$
Q
max
B
C
D
A
Q
tax
T
1
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Question 26
The map below shows the amount of electricity consumed per capita in countries around
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Global Electricity Consumption per Capita, 2019
OKWh
500 kWh
1,000 kWh
4,000 KWh
10.000 kWh
>55,000 kWh
No data
250 kWh
750 kWh
2,000 kWh
8,000 KWh
15,000 kWh
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, Our World In Data
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10:55
All iCloud
December 2, 2019 at 10:55 AM
A village has five residents, each of whom has
an accumulated savings of $50. Each villager
can use the money to buy a government bond
that pays 10% interest per year or to buy a
year-old goat, send it onto the commons to
graze, and sell it after one year. The price of
the goat that the villager will get at the end of
the year depends on the amount of weight it
gains while grazing on the commons, which in
turn depends on the number of goats sent
onto the commons, as shown in table below.
Assume that if a villager is indifferent between
buying a bond and buying a goat, the villager
will buy a goat.
Number of goats
Income per goat
($vear
Price per 2-year
old goat (S)
on the commons
80
30
1
2
75
25
3
70
20
65
15
5
55
5
What will be the total village income if each
villager decides how to invest based on his or
her individual self-interest?
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Time remaining:
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Economics
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Chapter 8 Problems i
3
02:34:09
eBook
e
You just got closed out of an economics course you need to graduate and need to persuade the department chair to open another
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additional $50 in administrative costs per student to run the course. If tuition is $400 for the course, how many students would you
need to sign up for the course to run?
Students:
Mc
Graw
Hill
Type here to search
O
************
84°F
Help
Sav
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Figure 2-4
50
45
40
25
35
30
28
25
20
15
10
5
V
Z
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 opak
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a) The economy lacks the resources to produce at a more desirable point.
b) The economy's available technology prevents it from producing at a more
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