Lab 7 Solar Energy

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University of Miami *

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Electrical Engineering

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Dec 6, 2023

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Nicole Ramones Homework Questions Lab 07: Leaf Solar Energy Orientation and Output Reminder: Answer the questions according to the way instructed in the lab handbook. See Appendix D. Scientific Writing and Appendix E. Study Question Checklist for suggestions for how to do this appropriately. If you do not report your statistics correctly, you will not get full credit for answering the question. See below for an example of how to report statistics: 1. Does the natural orientation of plant leaves collect a different amount of solar energy than randomly oriented leaves? - From the experiment, Natural orientation did not collect a greater amount of solar energy than random orientation. This can be proven by the p-value which was greater than 0.05. This means that we fail to reject the null hypothesis hence the result is not significant at p < 0.05. The mean of the natural oriented leaves had a mean voltage of 8.35 and a Standard deviation of 1.45, while the mean of the random paired oriented leaves had a mean voltage of 8.36 and a Standard deviation of 1.53. So we can conclude that there are no significant differences between naturally oriented solar energy of naturally oriented versus randomly oriented leaves. Conduct two separate paired t-tests and make box plots of the data. Adapt your script from Lab 02 t-test script under the paired t test section. Make sure you report the statistical values and include a biological explanation (reminder of format above). Be sure to label axes and include figure caption below the figure. Remember to read the information in the script on how to interpret a box plot and include in your figure captions.

a. Use the data from your group to conduct one test and make a box plot. Does the pattern observed by just your group match that of the whole class data why or why not? Discuss briefly how sample size may affect observational patterns in data? (10 pts) FIG. 1. Shows the comparison of mean average voltages of leaves in their natural orientation (blue) to randomly oriented leaves (orange) observed on a single tree at the University of Miami (n=45 leaves measured). The line through each box represents the median of each group. The "X" in each box and whisker represents - I conducted a two sample t test to compare the data from my group (two sample paired t-test: df = 44, p-value = .8703, n= 45, Average = 8.390, Median = 7.96, Q1 = 7.69, Q3 = 8.885, IQR = 1.165). Since p-value > α, H0 cannot be rejected. In other words the average of Group 1's population, which is the voltage for natural oriented leaves, is assumed to be equal to the average of Group 2's population voltage of random oriented leaves. So the difference between the sample average of Group 1 and Group 2 is not big enough to be statistically significant. This similarity can be explained by the fact that the group was only able to sample the leaves in reach. This limits our sample size population. Sample size is important because the results from an observation or experiment can be generalized to a population. Each tree had about 100 to 200 leaves, and only 45 were sampled. If we

expanded sample size to measure more leaves on each tree the observed results would have shown a better depiction of the population. Also the sample size was significantly smaller than the class sample, so it is possible that the data collected was not a good representation of leaves collected by the whole class. Based on the data collection of both class and group it is safe to assume that there is not a big enough difference between random and natural orientation voltage to be statistically significant. This pattern is seen in both data pools. b. Then use the pooled data (from the whole class) to conduct the second test and make a box plot. What biological explanation is there for the pattern observed? (10pts) FIG. 2. Above shows the relationship between voltage and orientation of leaves with naturally occurring and random orientation, from data from the whole class. The total range for both groups are similar in numbers. No extreme values were seen for the class data

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- I conducted a two sample t test to compare the data from my group (two sample paired t-test: df = 44, p-value = .971, n= 45) Since p-value > α, H0 cannot be rejected. In other words the average of Group 1's population, which is the voltage for natural oriented leaves, is assumed to be equal to the average of Group 2's population voltage of random oriented leaves .So the difference between the sample average of Group 1 and Group 2 is not big enough to be statistically significant. Comparing the group data to the class data, the average voltage in the tree in naturally oriented leaves was 8.3 while data compiled from the entire class shows an average voltage of 8.4 volts in naturally oriented leaves. The slight differences in energy produced could be due to the variation in trees measured and the difference in location each tree was. Some trees sampled for class data were directly in sunlight and some trees were hidden in shade. The difference in voltage could also be explained by evolution in the trees overtime to adapt to their surroundings. That could be why some plants thrive directly under sunlight and some plants thrive just as well in shade.