module 2 lab_ELT-3060 Cameron Bennett

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Dec 6, 2023

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ELT 3060 Lab 2 RESISTOR AND DIODE CHARACTERISTICS CAMERON BENNETT

ELT-3060: SOLID STATE DEVICES AND CIRCUITS Module 2 Lab Exercise: Resistor and Diode Characteristics A. Plot current vs. voltage for a 1 kΩ resistor. We will first use Multisim to collect and record the data points to create a graph. Then we will use physical components to generate an additional data point and see if it is consistent with the plot. Create the circuit given below in Multisim, and use it to generate data to fill in the provided table. Set the required voltage using the Value tab of properties of V1, run the simulation, record current value, stop the simulation, change voltage value, and repeat until you have got all the required data. Voltag e (V) 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 Curren t (mA) 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 Copyright © 2020 by Thomas Edison State University. All rights reserved.

Next, plot the resistor characteristic as I vs. V on a normal graph paper using suitable scales for the two values. Note that voltage must be plotted on the x-axis. .5V/div, .5mA/div Calculate the slope of this straight line: ΔI/ΔV = 1 siemens. This equals the conductance G. From this value of G, calculate R= 1/G = 1 ? . Please insert, here, simulation screenshots for two different data points that you entered in the results table for part A. Now you will measure the current across the 1K resistor using the 9V battery to perform a real-world measurement and to verify the results of simulation. Copyright © 2020 by Thomas Edison State University. All rights reserved. 9.48mA

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● Use your graph to read the expected value of current at 9V: 9mA. ● Connect the battery, multimeter, and resistor on the breadboard and read the value of current shown on the multimeter: 0.010A or 1mA. It should be close to the value read from the graph but not exactly the same. This is because the resistance and battery voltage are not exactly what we have assumed. ● Use the multimeter to measure the battery voltage when the resistor is connected across the battery terminals, and record it here: 9.4Vdc. ● Remove the resistor and measure its resistance using the multimeter: 991 ? . ● Use Ohm's law and the two values above to calculate the current: 9.48mA. This value should be very close to the measured value. The multimeter is also not perfect! Mark the point defined by the measured value on the plot using a pen having a different color. B. Plot current vs. voltage for a diode. We will first use Multisim to collect and record the data points to create the plots. Then we will use physical components to generate an additional data point and see if it is consistent with the plot. Create the circuit given below in Multisim, and use it to generate data to fill in the provided table. As before, set the required voltage, run the simulation, record the values, stop the simulation, change voltage value, and repeat until you have got all the required data. If the current value is less than 0.001 mV, then record it as zero. Copyright © 2020 by Thomas Edison State University. All rights reserved.

0.2 427.436 pA or 0 A 200mV 0.3 11.202 nA or 0 A 299.998 mV 0.4 518.735 nA or 0 A 399.886 mV 0.5 20.809 μA or 0 A 495.422 mV 0.6 205.809 μA 554.89 mV 0.7 542.704 μA 580.605 mV 0.8 930.979 μA 595.185 mV 0.9 1.34 mA 605.253 mV 1 1.759 mA 612.97 mV 1.5 3.922 mA 637.166 mV 2 6.126 mA 652.223 mV 3 10.575 mA 673.466 mV 4 15.047 mA 689.741 mV 6 24.017 mA 716.189 mV 8 33.005 mA 738.792 mV 10 42.003 mA 759.422 mV 15 64.516 mA 806.544 mV 20 87.044 mA 850.335 mV 30 132.122 mA 933.253 mV 40 177.214 mA 1.013 V -3 -3.02 nA or 0 A -3 V -6 -6.04 nA or 0 A -6 V -9 -8.882 nA or 0 A -9 V Note that for reverse bias the current is virtually zero for any voltage. Plot the forward bias diode characteristic in two plots: (1) using the current and diode voltage values for supply voltage from 0.2V to 2V, and (2) using the supply voltage points from 2V to 40V. Use appropriate scales to bring out the diode characteristics. Copyright © 2020 by Thomas Edison State University. All rights reserved.

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0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Please insert, here, simulation screenshots for two different data points that you entered in the results table for part B. Copyright © 2020 by Thomas Edison State University. All rights reserved.

Now you will generate another data point using physical components and the 9V battery to perform a real- world measurement to verify the results of simulation. Note: The 220 ohms resistor will get hot if left connected to the circuit. You should connect both ends only when performing the actual measurement. Pull out one end when done, to break the circuit. Notice that the 220 ohms resistor is half watt whereas all the others are quarter watt. Create a circuit similar to the given simulation circuit, on the breadboard. Your kit has a 220 ohms resistor and 1N914 diodes. Since you are required to have only one multimeter, use it to measure the current first, and record the value: 10 mA. Now disconnect the multimeter and use a jumper to connect the two points that were being used for the multimeter. Next, use the multimeter to measure the voltage across the diode, and record the value: 5.501V. Mark the point defined by these two values on the second plot using a pen having a different color. Copyright © 2020 by Thomas Edison State University. All rights reserved.