Lab 215

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New Jersey Institute Of Technology *

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111A

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Electrical Engineering

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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Uploaded by kmontemayor16

Physics Laboratory Report Lab 215: Electric Field by Point Charges Objectives: - To learn to measure current with an ammeter, voltage with a voltmeter, and resistance with an ohmmeter. - To study the properties of Ohm;s Law and circuits of series, parallel and combination of series and parallel - To study the characteristics of non-Ohmic devices (LED) by measuring the voltage and corresponding current. Equipment List: - Electronic connection board - DC power supply - Electronic board connectors - Banana cables - Resistors (1K, 2.2K, 5.6K, 10K) Ohm - LED - Digital Multimeter (x2, yellow one for accurate voltage measurement and black one for accurate current measurement) Experiment Procedure: Part 1: Ohm’s Law and Measuring Current Through an Electric Circuit - In this part of the experiment, we had an electric current passing through a resistor,

- We use the equation V = IR, with V being voltage, I being current, and R being resistance - We use two digital meters for this experiment, one for voltage measurements and one for current measurements. - We connected a 56000 Ohm resistor to the voltage port of the DC power supply, aswe set the voltage across the resistor for 4,6 ,8 and 10 volts this is the results we got - V = 4, I = 0.7*10^-3 - V = 6, I = 1.0*10^-3 - V = 8, I = 1.4*10^-3 - V = 10, I = 1.7*10^-3 - As you can see the table is a straight line with the slope being very consistent among the increments - The digital meter can also be used to measure resistance- - The color coded value of 5600 Ohms is the same result that we got from the graph of the slope of the graph in voltage vs current plot. Part II: Series Circuits - Procedure: - Connect three resistors together in a series circuit, digital multimeters and cables - Measure the exact resistance of each resistor used in your experiment by using the digital multimeter and record the values - We used two 1K resistors, and 1 10k resistor - 1K = 1.01 - 1K = 1.01 - 10k = 10.02 - Total Voltage Drop: - Vtotal = 12.02 - V1 = 1.2 - V2 = .989

- v3 = 10.02 - As you can see from the data here, by adding V1,V2,and V3, we get that the sum of the voltage drops add up to 12V. - We use Ohm’s law to determine the current which you would expect to be flowing through each resistor, I = V/R - This calculation gives the same current flowing through each resistor - For example: - I_1 = V1/R1 - 1.2/1.01 = 1.18 - Total equivalent Resistance Req = R1 + R2 + R3 = 12.02 - 12/12.02 is approximately equal to 1, Part III Parallel Circuits: - Procedure: - Connect the same three resistors used in the series circuit together into a parallel circuit - Set the voltage input across the three resistors connected in parallel in 12 V. Use the digital meter to measure the total current coming from the power supply. - Our total voltage is equal to 11.53 amps. - Current is equal to 24.1 mA - To solve for the current, we had each individual current through each resistor - Through V1, = 11.39 - Through V2, = 11.5 - Through V3 = 1.17 - = 24 - Use Ohm’s Law to determine the current you would expect to be flowing through each resistor, Ix = V/Rx R1 = 12/11.39 = 1.053

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- R2 = 12/11.5 = 1.043 - R3 = 12/1.17 = 10.25 Req = 1/1.053 + 1/1.043 + 1/10.25 = 2.006 Vtotal/Req = I, 48/2 = 24. I = 24, which is the same value that we had measured from the power supply. Part IV. Combined series and Parallel Circuits - Procedure - Connect the following circuit using the R_a = 5600 Ohm, R_b = 10k Ohm, and R_c = 1k Ohm. - Compute the total effective resistance you would expect for this circuit - (1/(10) + 1/(5.6))^-1 + 1 = 14.58 14.58 - 10 = 4.58 = Req - Measured total Resistance with Ohmmeter: R = 4.56 Ohm - If circuit is connected to 12 V power supply, what current will flow from the power supply - We use equation V/R = I, = 12/4.56 = 2.631 - Voltage across the resistor R_c is equal to the total voltage in the circuit, so 12 V Part V: Non-Ohmic Devices: - Procedure: - Measure the voltage across the LED V_b and the current through the circuit. Start with around 2V and increase the voltage to 3.5 by 0.2 ~ 0.3

- Voltage Current 2.3 .47 2.6 .72 3 1.07 3.3 1.42 3.5 1.57 - The slope at 2.5 and 3.5 are nearly identical - The slope is equal to .895, which is the average in between points 2.6 and 2.3 Discussion: At the beginning, this lab was very confusing. It was hard to interpret which multimeter we should use, and which one was better for finding voltage, current, or resistance. Personally, I struggled with this lab because I could never remember which one was best for each different variable. However, over time, the lab became easier and easier, at the end it became repetitive, however it was still a very interesting lab. We were able to see how voltages, currents, and resistors, effect how electricity is passed through a circuit. Conclusion: To conclude, the goal of this lab was to measure current with an ammeter, voltage with a voltmeter, and resistance with an ohmmeter, study the properties of Ohm’s Law and circuits of series, parallel and combination of series and parallel, and to study the characteristics of

non-Ohmic devices, by measuring the voltage and correspondent current. This lab encompassed all of those objectives several times over, we were able to achieve all of these goals through the lab.

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