Scientific and Technical Information in Environmental Decision
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EVPP 361 Introduction to Environmental Policy
Scientific and Technical Information in Environmental Decision-Making
What are the challenges concerning the use of scientific and technical information in each
example?
Example #1
Environmental groups seek to prevent an agricultural operation from withdrawing additional
water from an aquifer. Geologists and hydrologists find the water is available. Ecologists and
wildlife biologists show that withdrawal will harm nearby stream biota. Sociologists and
economists conclude that new farms revitalize an economically depressed area.
Example #2
A community group and a resort developer are in conflict over short- and long-term traffic
impacts of a new golf course. The developer believes enough studies have been done. The
community believes more are required.
Example #3
In a conflict over the construction and routing of new transmission lines, an electric company
cannot avoid bringing their lines through certain residential areas. Credible evidence is presented
on both sides about electro-magnetic frequencies as a cancer cause.
Example #4
Proponents and opponents are engaged in a dispute over improvements to a highway that is
statistically safe but perceived to be dangerous. Numbers suggest that although the highway has
a high proportion of dramatic accidents, the overall accident rate remains low. Citizen groups
have taken out ads calling for expensive improvements. The city has appeared on talk shows
arguing that the proposed improvements are expensive and will not make a difference.
Example #5
After several cases of “Mad Cow Disease”, policymakers determine that
there is a need to create
regulations on the beef industry. Theories about the origins and transmission of the disease exist
but there is almost no research available to inform the regulatory process.
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Related Questions
nline
The Hubbert model deals with energy resource utilization.
Oa. TRUE
O b. FALSE
arrow_forward
i need anwer fast plz
arrow_forward
Your answer is partially correct.
Please use the accompanying Excel data set or accompanying Text file data set when completing the following exercise.
An article in the ASCE Journal of Energy Engineering ("Overview of Reservoir Release Improvements at 20 TVA Dams," Vol. 125, April
1999, pp. 1-17) presents data on dissolved oxygen concentration from streams below 20 dams in the Tennessee Valley Authority
system. The sample mean from the observations is = 3.272 and the sample standard deviation is s 2.130. Assume population is
approximately normally distributed.
Round your answers to 2 decimal places.
(a) Calculate the 95% two-sided confidence interval on the mean oxygen concentration.
ΣμΣ
4.28
(Calculate the 95% two-sided prediction interval on the dissolved oxygen concentration for the next stream that will be tested.
2.29
≤ xn+1 S
.7.8456
(c) Find an interval that will contain 95% of the values of the dissolved oxygen concentration with 99% confidence.
2
-1.27
-3.68
eTextbook and…
arrow_forward
17. Statements
An engineer wants to design an ATES system for a large office building in a moderate climate. The annual
cooling demand is 200 [MWh], the annual heating demand is 800 [MWh] too. For the heating a heat pump with
SCOP 8 is coupled to the warm well. The cooling comes solely from the cold well. All heat exchangers are
assumed to be perfect and there are no losses in pipes. Which of these statements are correct? (Note: multiple
answers possible)
200 [MWh] heat is loaded at the warm well
100 [MWh] heat is loaded at the warm well
700 [MWh] heat is load at the warm well
800 [MWh] cold is loaded at the cold well
700 [MWh] cold is loaded at the cold well
200 [MWh] cold is loaded at the cold well
To balance the ground additional cold should be loaded (e.g. by using an additional heat exchanger with
cold outdoor air in winter) or the heating demand should be reduced
To balance the ground additional heat should be loaded (e.g. by using additional heat exchanger
coupled to a solar…
arrow_forward
con 84-8.7 Homework
Please use the accompanying Excel data set or
accompanying Text file data set when completing the
following exercise.
An article in the ASCE Journal of Energy Engineering
("Overview of Reservoir Release Improvements at
20 TVA Dams," Vol. 125, April 1999, pp. 1-17)
presents data on dissolved oxygen concentration
from streams below 20 dams in the Tennessee Valley
Authority system. The sample mean from the
observations is = 3.285 and the sample standard
deviation is s = 2.126. Assume population is
approximately normally distributed.
Round your answers to 2 decimal places.
(a) Calculate the 95% two-sided confidence interval
on the mean oxygen concentration.
i
2.52
ΣΗΣ
i 4.05
(b) Calculate the 95% two-sided prediction interval
on the dissolved oxygen concentration for the next
stream that will be tested.
i -0.98
i 7.55
(c) Find an interval that will contain 95% of the
values of the dissolved oxygen concentration with
99% confidence.
i
-2.20
8.77
)
SUPPORT
Statistical…
arrow_forward
Discuss about intellectual property types and their importance.
What are the consequences of poor work quality or omissions with life critical engineering systems?
Discuss about contemporary issues containing an engineering component as part of its resolution. These contemporary issues relate to the consequences of poor work quality or omissions with life critical engineering systems.
Explain why the issues are critical.
arrow_forward
2
3
. Examine how socio economic, legislative and environmental factors affect the
selection, set-up and operation of renewable energy sources.
. Evaluate environmental analysis and planning tools such as PESTLE to identify
possible sources of conflicts of interest.
. Provide supported and justified recommendations and original ideas for an
effective environmental analysis of alternative approaches to the selection of
arrow_forward
2 Why do people depend on fossil fuel instead of alternative fuels, if alternative fuels are
supposed to be better for the environment? Explain in detail how you will convince
people to use alternative energy source.
3. Consider you are an Executive Engineer of a power generating company in Oman. As
company is facing a deficit for conventional energy sources. The Chief Executive officer
of the company is recommending you to submit a proposal of an alternative energy source
to balance the energy demand. Also how you can reduce the energy demand without
affecting the employee satisfaction. Submit a detailedproposal.
arrow_forward
TOPIC: Power Systems, Power Plants & IlluminationINSTRUCTIONS:- Answer in this format: Given, Illustration, Required Conversion, Solution, Final Answer.- Step-by-step solution, do not skip even simple calculations to avoid confusion.- If answered in written form, make sure it is readable.PROBLEM:A 55000-kW thermal plant of National Power Corporation delivers an annual output of 238000000 kw-hr with a peak load of 44 MW. What is the capacity factor?
49.4%
42.4%
48.2%
44.6%
arrow_forward
Apply what you know regarding the Harm Principle to Homer-Dixon's Green War Hypothesis. What is your analysis of the obligation of current corporate action being restricted in order to protect future generations?.
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Electrical Engineering - High voltage system EENG451 Please solve the question quickly
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3.A multi-million-dollar power plant project to provide power supply for remote communities by GRIDco was stopped by the Environmental Protection agency (EPA) citing violation of the EPA’s protocols. The EPA argues that GRIDco did not conduct environmental impact assessment (EIA) on the project within the community it is located and therefore if the project is allowed to continue, it will pose public health risk to the inhabitants within the catchment area.(a) Why is it necessary to conduct EIA on such an important project? And what will be the expected outcome of the impact assessment?
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Automatic lawn sprinkler systems use a digital system to control the opening and closing of water valves. A sprinkler system usually supports several different zones such as the backyard, left side yard, right side yard, front yard etc. Only one zone's value can be opened at a time in order to remain enough water pressure in the sprinklers in that zone.
suppose a sprinkler system supports up to 8 zones. Typically, a sprinker system is controlled by a small, inexpensive microprocessor executing a program that opens each value only at specific times of the day and for specific durations. suppose the microprocessor only has 4 output pins available to control the valves, not 8 outputs as required for the 8 zones. We can instead program the microprocessor to use 1 pin to indicate whether a valve should be opened, and use the 3 other pins to output the active zone (0,1....7) in binary. thus we need to design a combination circuit having 4 inputs, e, and a,b,c (the binary value of the active…
arrow_forward
Automatic lawn sprinkler systems use a digital system to control the opening and closing of water valves. A sprinkler system usually supports several different zones such as the backyard, left side yard, right side yard, front yard etc. Only one zone's value can be opened at a time in order to remain enough water pressure in the sprinklers in that zone.
suppose a sprinkler system supports up to 8 zones. Typically, a sprinker system is controlled by a small, inexpensive microprocessor executing a program that opens each value only at specific times of the day and for specific durations. suppose the microprocessor only has 4 output pins available to control the valves, not 8 outputs as required for the 8 zones. We can instead program the microprocessor to use 1 pin to indicate whether a valve should be opened, and use the 3 other pins to output the active zone (0,1....7) in binary. thus we need to design a combination circuit having 4 inputs, e, and a,b,c (the binary value of the active…
arrow_forward
Automatic lawn sprinkler systems use a digital system to control the opening and closing of water valves. A sprinkler system usually supports several different zones such as the backyard, left side yard, right side yard, front yard etc. Only one zone's value can be opened at a time in order to remain enough water pressure in the sprinklers in that zone.
suppose a sprinkler system supports up to 8 zones. Typically, a sprinker system is controlled by a small, inexpensive microprocessor executing a program that opens each value only at specific times of the day and for specific durations. suppose the microprocessor only has 4 output pins available to control the valves, not 8 outputs as required for the 8 zones. We can instead program the microprocessor to use 1 pin to indicate whether a valve should be opened, and use the 3 other pins to output the active zone (0,1....7) in binary. thus we need to design a combination circuit having 4 inputs, e, and a,b,c (the binary value of the active…
arrow_forward
Requirement:
Show your calculation
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Kindly solve what is ask, I want a clean and clear solution please so that I can clearly understand. Thank you so much!-.
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In the measurement of level in a tank using capacitive type level probe, the following data is given
below. Find C1 and C2. (choose Process Fluid/Service as Grain of mustard seed).
Sl.no radius of outer radius of inner
cylinder/pipe cylinder/pipe(cm) (cm)
(cm)
Span Level of liquid Capacitance (C )
(h2)
(cm)
1
4
2.48
920
570
C1
3
1.42
1400
1200
C2
Process Fluid/Service Dielectric Constant(E, )
Water
80
Hydrochloric Acid
Coffee Beans
1.5
Grain of mustard seed
3.6
Skimmed milk powder
2.3
capacitance C1
capacitance C2
2.
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6. A building needs 30 [MWh] electricity annually for appliances, and its annual cooling demand is 40 [MWh].
The building is connected to a cooling grid (neglect the losses in the grid), where the cold is produced by an
absorption cooling machine using waste heat from the power plant delivering the electricity to the building.
What is the amount of primary energy used annually by the building? The power plant is combustion engine
based and has an electrical efficiency of 0.35, a thermal efficiency of 0.55 and the absorption cooling machine
has a SEER of 0.9. (multiple choice, one answer)
25 [MWh]
57 [MWh]
63 [MWh]
86 [MWh]
177 [MWh]
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Please write down the formulation for the optimization problem shown in the image
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Explore the concept of distributed energy resources (DERs) and their impact on the decentralization of power generation and distribution.
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For the system given below, a) Find K1 and K2 so that the steady-state error is zero, the settling time is one second, and the overshoot is 5% for a unit step input. b) Specify the system type and find the steady-state error a unit ramp input using the computed K1 and K2 values.
"Can you explain step by step " check image "
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Electrical Engineering course.
Course:
EE350 ( System Dynamics and control )
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Explore the concept of transactive energy systems and their role in promoting efficient energy trading in modern power grids.
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Suggest remedial measures to a facility manager who complains of low voltage at hisfacility.
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Related Questions
- nline The Hubbert model deals with energy resource utilization. Oa. TRUE O b. FALSEarrow_forwardi need anwer fast plzarrow_forwardYour answer is partially correct. Please use the accompanying Excel data set or accompanying Text file data set when completing the following exercise. An article in the ASCE Journal of Energy Engineering ("Overview of Reservoir Release Improvements at 20 TVA Dams," Vol. 125, April 1999, pp. 1-17) presents data on dissolved oxygen concentration from streams below 20 dams in the Tennessee Valley Authority system. The sample mean from the observations is = 3.272 and the sample standard deviation is s 2.130. Assume population is approximately normally distributed. Round your answers to 2 decimal places. (a) Calculate the 95% two-sided confidence interval on the mean oxygen concentration. ΣμΣ 4.28 (Calculate the 95% two-sided prediction interval on the dissolved oxygen concentration for the next stream that will be tested. 2.29 ≤ xn+1 S .7.8456 (c) Find an interval that will contain 95% of the values of the dissolved oxygen concentration with 99% confidence. 2 -1.27 -3.68 eTextbook and…arrow_forward
- 17. Statements An engineer wants to design an ATES system for a large office building in a moderate climate. The annual cooling demand is 200 [MWh], the annual heating demand is 800 [MWh] too. For the heating a heat pump with SCOP 8 is coupled to the warm well. The cooling comes solely from the cold well. All heat exchangers are assumed to be perfect and there are no losses in pipes. Which of these statements are correct? (Note: multiple answers possible) 200 [MWh] heat is loaded at the warm well 100 [MWh] heat is loaded at the warm well 700 [MWh] heat is load at the warm well 800 [MWh] cold is loaded at the cold well 700 [MWh] cold is loaded at the cold well 200 [MWh] cold is loaded at the cold well To balance the ground additional cold should be loaded (e.g. by using an additional heat exchanger with cold outdoor air in winter) or the heating demand should be reduced To balance the ground additional heat should be loaded (e.g. by using additional heat exchanger coupled to a solar…arrow_forwardcon 84-8.7 Homework Please use the accompanying Excel data set or accompanying Text file data set when completing the following exercise. An article in the ASCE Journal of Energy Engineering ("Overview of Reservoir Release Improvements at 20 TVA Dams," Vol. 125, April 1999, pp. 1-17) presents data on dissolved oxygen concentration from streams below 20 dams in the Tennessee Valley Authority system. The sample mean from the observations is = 3.285 and the sample standard deviation is s = 2.126. Assume population is approximately normally distributed. Round your answers to 2 decimal places. (a) Calculate the 95% two-sided confidence interval on the mean oxygen concentration. i 2.52 ΣΗΣ i 4.05 (b) Calculate the 95% two-sided prediction interval on the dissolved oxygen concentration for the next stream that will be tested. i -0.98 i 7.55 (c) Find an interval that will contain 95% of the values of the dissolved oxygen concentration with 99% confidence. i -2.20 8.77 ) SUPPORT Statistical…arrow_forwardDiscuss about intellectual property types and their importance. What are the consequences of poor work quality or omissions with life critical engineering systems? Discuss about contemporary issues containing an engineering component as part of its resolution. These contemporary issues relate to the consequences of poor work quality or omissions with life critical engineering systems. Explain why the issues are critical.arrow_forward
- 2 3 . Examine how socio economic, legislative and environmental factors affect the selection, set-up and operation of renewable energy sources. . Evaluate environmental analysis and planning tools such as PESTLE to identify possible sources of conflicts of interest. . Provide supported and justified recommendations and original ideas for an effective environmental analysis of alternative approaches to the selection ofarrow_forward2 Why do people depend on fossil fuel instead of alternative fuels, if alternative fuels are supposed to be better for the environment? Explain in detail how you will convince people to use alternative energy source. 3. Consider you are an Executive Engineer of a power generating company in Oman. As company is facing a deficit for conventional energy sources. The Chief Executive officer of the company is recommending you to submit a proposal of an alternative energy source to balance the energy demand. Also how you can reduce the energy demand without affecting the employee satisfaction. Submit a detailedproposal.arrow_forwardTOPIC: Power Systems, Power Plants & IlluminationINSTRUCTIONS:- Answer in this format: Given, Illustration, Required Conversion, Solution, Final Answer.- Step-by-step solution, do not skip even simple calculations to avoid confusion.- If answered in written form, make sure it is readable.PROBLEM:A 55000-kW thermal plant of National Power Corporation delivers an annual output of 238000000 kw-hr with a peak load of 44 MW. What is the capacity factor? 49.4% 42.4% 48.2% 44.6%arrow_forward
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ISBN:9781337900348
Author:Stephen L. Herman
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