COEN212 Lab 2

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Concordia University *

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212

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Electrical Engineering

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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7

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LABORATORY REPORT Digital Design Course: COEN212 Lab Section: WQ-X Experiment No.: 2 Date Performed: 2023 – 03 –06 YYYY – MM – DD Experiment Title: Combinational Logic Circuit Design. Name: Elias Chanis ID No.: 40264885 I certify that this submission is my original work and meets the Faculty’s Expectations of Originality Signature: Elias Chanis Date: 2023 – 03 –19 YYYY – MM – DD
Objectives: This experiment will help students design and construct a 2-bit combinational multiplier by using the K-map method. Moreover, students will be able to minimize their combinational logic circuit. Lastly, they will be able to gain further experience in constructing digital circuits using a breadboard. Theory: To start off, it is important to recall some concepts from the first laboratory in order to construct our Boolean functions. Boolean algebra and K-Maps have the same function. They minimize all min-terms of an output to a simpler set. This helps reduce the amount of connections required as well as the amount of gates used. For this experiment, we are multiplying 2 inputs and each input is consisted of 2 bits that will result in a 4 output logic circuit. The first 2- bit input A1 and A0 are used to create a decimal number ranging from 0 to 3. Similarly, the other 2-bit input range has a decimal value ranging from 0 to 3. The output however will result in a 4-bit digit ranging from 0 to 15 (in decimal). The following table shows all the possible input combinations as well as the output of the multiplication of both 2-bit inputs.
X = The equivalent decimal value of each pair =
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The table with all possible combinations in binary is converted into decimal values to validate the outputs and verify if the multiplication makes sense. For each output, a respective K-map was built (prelab at the end of report) in order to determine and find the Boolean function for each output and then design the final logic circuit with all 4 outputs together. Each Boolean function of each K-map is to be presented in a sum-of- product form in order to obtain a simplified function and not complicating the circuit.
Procedure: For the experimental part, students are asked to build the obtained Boolean functions for each output and verify if the output respects what is expected and follow the truth table. AND, OR, NOT gates are expected to be used. Questions: 1) How many rows would the truth table of a combinational 3-bit multiplier have? How many outputs would be required? What kind of a K-map would be required to minimize this truth table? Answer: The truth table of a combinational 3-bit multiplier will have 64 possible combinations as we have 2 3-bit inputs. In other words, we have 6 inputs and 2^6 will equal to 64. Moreover, we will need a 6-bit output because the two highest 3-bit digits that can be multiplied together are 7*7 which give 49. A 6-bit output will give 63 as a maximum decimal value whilst
a 5-bit will give 31. In result, we should have a 6-but output. We should have a 8 by 8 K-map because we will have 3 inputs on the top side and 3 inputs on the left side of the K-map. 2) Obtain the minimal sum-of-product Boolean expression for the truth table of the circuit in Figure 1.7 of Experiment 1. Comment on the circuit provided in Figure 1.8 of Experiment 1 and its relationship with the obtained minimal sum-of-products expression. Answer: The minimal sum-of-product Boolean expression for the circuit in figure 1.7 is A’C + BC. This Boolean function represents the simplified circuit in figure 1.8.
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Conclusion: In conclusion, K-maps prove to be the most efficient and easy way to build whatever truth table is needed. Not only it is simple to use, it simplifies the Boolean function and if the function is not simplified then students should be able to realize that there is a mistake somewhere in their outputs. With the help of K-maps, the construction and verification of Boolean functions are easier.