LAB_REPORT_1

Q1. Choose only seven for the following: 1) ..... .....................of measurement is difference between measured values and true values. expressed in units of the measured quantity. a. percent error 2) b.relative error c.absolute error ********** .........closeness with which an instrument reading approaches the true value of the variable being measured. a. resolution b.sensitivity 3) c.accuracy ********** a. Working Standards are the basic reference standards used in industrial measurement laboratories The resolution for instrument is .......... When the readings of the instrument in volts were b.Secondary Standards e.International Standards XI-1.1, X2-1.2, X3-5, X4-5.2 a.IV b.0.1V c.0.2V 5) The percent error..............when the voltmeter measures the voltage-1.41 V. and the true value of voltage=1.44 V. a. 0.208%. b. 20.8%. c. 2.08% 6) ******* are divided into two categories, instrumental error and environmental error. a. Systematic errors b. Gross errors c.Random errors 7) The…

What is the functional similarity between a thyristor and a BJT? What are their differences? How do you turn the thyristor into the forward conducting status? In the forward conducting status, a thyristor is equivalent to a pair of interconnected BJT. In the following diagram, mark the corresponding BJT types (PNP or NPN) and related terminal types (E.B.C) of each BJT. List two methods of turning off a thyristor from the forward conducting status; after the thyristor is turned off by each method, which state (mode) does the thyristor come into? Anode Anode Gate Gate Cathode Cathode Figure 1 For Question 2

Find the resonance point and the half-width of the speed versus frequency curve for the damped harmonic oscillator, under the action of a sinusoidal driving force.  *It is all the data

Q1: Explain required figures, then draw the timing diagram for the input and output of this counter when the frequency of the input signal is 20KHZ. the principle of operation of Mod-14 asynchronous counter with using the

Give an example of an analogue device that can be used as a phase comparator in a PLL system and explain its operation.

Complete the phrase! The error of a measurement system depends on the non-ideal characteristics of every element in the system. Using calibration techniques we can identify which element in the system have the most dominant non-ideal behavior. We can than devise compensation strategies for t6hese elements which should produce significant reductions in the overall system error. The methods are named .....

a.  In AC, how are the capacitors treated? b.  In AC, how are DC sources treated? c. What is the amplifier configuration of Figure 4? d. What is the expected phase shift of the sinusoidal input at the output side? e. What is Zi across RG, the gate resistor? f. It is the IC in its smallest form. g. The most commonly used metal as interconnect of the chip to external peipheral. h. How is pin 1 of the chip determined? i. An IC package similar to a DIP but with the pins bent outward. j. Which sensors are packed as IC?

In case of PD-control,   a. the derivative term looks at the past of the error. b. the effect of the reference derivative can be avoided by the rate feedback design. c. the steady state error is perfectly disappeared. d. the derivative term looks at the instantaneous error.

Q) Design 8:1 multiplexer using 4:1 multiplexer and give an example and ?explain why

For the signal flow graph of the given figure, consider the following statements 1. It has three forward paths 2. It has three individual loops 3. It * has two non touching loops Out of above the correct statements are

ahopper operation do "oudput voltoge. . Derive Desuibe the principle for is de expression an average

please solve it

3. (in clipping circuit) Drive an expression to find Vout (peak) in terms of Vin (peak) & FR

QUESTIONS 1. Define maximum power point of a solar module. 2. Explain the importance of maximum power point of a solar module. 3. What do you conclude from experience

Explain the importance of RCD in electrical circuits.

This question would help revise concepts related to MOS device and basic circuit design. Please mark all correct answers to the following multiple choice questions. 1.1. Which of the following are true about MOSFET devices? (a) MOS stands for "Metallurgy Of Semiconductors" (b) MOSFET current conduction is due to drift phenomenon (c) An externally induced voltage at the gate is fundamental to inversion layer (d) Naming of "Source" and "Drain" regions are only dependent on aspect ratio 1.2. Which of the following are true about NMOS transistors (a) The threshold voltage can be positive or negative depending on geometry (b) Channel length modulation parameter (A) is always positive (c) Current flows from drain to source (d) Threshold voltage is a fixed value based on process, it cannot be changed by external voltages 1.3. In a MOS device (a) Cas and CGp both have both geometry and voltage dependencies (b) Cas is takes minimum value at saturation while CGD goes to maximum value (c) CoB and…

Q12. Which materials are used in manufacturing of LEDS? Q13. What are the applications of LEDS? Q14. What is the effect of value of filter capacitor on ripple voltage?

. Derive the expression for the first order system, when subjected to unit ramp input signal.

In this voltage divider bias circuit, the input is at the base. Output is at the emitter with a high input resistance and low output resistance. The maximum voltage gain is 1 and the coupling capacitors must have a negligible reactance at the frequency of operation. (use to answer a and b) a. Derive the expression for the voltage gain, current gain, and power gain in terms of power delivered to the load, R. b. Sketch both the DC and AC equivalent circuits. c. Derive the expression for ripple factor of Half Wave Rectification with a capacitor filter.

In a communication system the signal sent from point a to point b arrives by two paths in parallel. For path 1, the signal passes through two repeaters ( in series ). Each repeater has probability of failing ( becoming an open circuit ) of 0.1. For path 2, the signal passes through one repeater with a probability of failing of 0.08. All repeaters fail independently of each other. Find the probability that the signal will not arrive at point b. O 0.0152 O 0.016 0.008 0.09

find the system Noise factor and Noise Figure for Te = 30,50,75,150, and 300 K measured at To of 290K with a new To = 313K

Facts A clipper is an electronic circuit that produces an output by removing a part of the input above or below a reference value. That means the output of a clipper will be the same as that of the input other than the clipped part. Due to this, the peak to peak amplitude of the output of a clipper will be always less than that of the input. The main advantage of clippers is that they eliminate the unwanted noise present in the amplitude of an ac signal. Question: What do you think is the main disadvantage of a Clipper circuit over a Clamper Circuit?

Mark the good definition

Explain in brief about the magnitude of sub transient current is larger than the magnitude of steady state current?

Q1/ Design a MOD-3, Asynchronous counter to count the following sequence: 0, 3, 6.

Question 3: If the currents are in the same direction for a pair of parallel running wires, the currents on the wires are referred as Common Mode currents, ICM. On the other hand, if one of the currents is running in reverse direction (as they should normally do), the currents are referred as Differential Mode currents, IDM. It is essential in analog circuit design to keep track of differential and common mode currents. Referring to the following illustrations, assume that the separation between the wires, d, is 4 mm, the magnetic field observation point, S, is 20 mm away from the right wire, ICM- 5 mA, and IDM= 150 mA.

Q#3 : How transient stability limit can be increased?

4. Signal conditioning element basically takes the output of the sensing element and converts it into a form more suitable for further processing, usually in the form of a DC voltage, DC current or variable frequency AC voltage. The output of the sensing element is usually too small to operate an indicator or a recorder. Therefore, it is suitably processed and modified in the signal conditioning element so as to obtain the output in the desired form that is amplify the signal and filtering the unwanted signal. i. Describe the aliasing phenomenon. ii. Suggest a solution to minimize the effect of aliasing.

pls ans soon

Describe in brief about clock methodology.

Q2 EMI is a very important aspect to be considered while designing a switching power supply. Discuss with examples what considerations at the circuit level and PCB level design to avoid failing EMC test. Shed some light also on the EMC test. а. What is EMI and EMC and how to conduct the test What considerations to be taken into account while designing a PCB for a switching power supply with examples b.